The endoparasitoid wasp Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is inundatively released in Brazilian sugarcane plantations to control the sugarcane borers Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) and Diatraea flavipennella (Box) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). In conjunction with these releases, several synthetic insecticides are used to control the neonate larvae of these pests. We assessed the lethal and transgenerational sublethal effects of seven of these insecticides on C. flavipes. Leaf discs were sprayed at the highest field concentrations of chlorantraniliprole, lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole, chlorfluazuron, triflumuron, lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam, tebufenozide, and novaluron. Distilled water was used as a negative control. Newly emerged females (24 h old) were placed in Petri dishes containing the treated leaves, and the lethal and transgenerational sublethal effects were assessed for the next two generations. Lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole and lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam caused 100% mortality of the parasitoid and were highly persistent, causing more than 30% mortality at 30 days after spraying. Chlorantraniliprole, chlorfluazuron, novaluron, and triflumuron did not cause significant mortality compared to the negative control, but did have transgenerational sublethal effects. The length of the tibia of the right posterior leg, used as a growth measurement, was reduced in the progeny (F1 generation) of exposed female parasitoids. In addition, chlorantraniliprole increased and chlorfluazuron reduced the proportion of females in the F1 generation, whereas novaluron reduced the proportion of females in the F2 generation. Overall, only tebufenozide was considered harmless to C. flavipes. The results of this study suggest that lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole and lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam are harmful to C. flavipes, although field studies are needed to obtain results for actual sugarcane crops.

中文翻译：

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七种杀虫剂对Cotesia flavipes（Cameron）的影响（膜翅目：Bra科）。

内寄生性黄蜂科特斯黄酮（Cameron）（膜翅目：Braconidae）在巴西甘蔗种植园中被过分释放，以控制甘蔗bore虫（Diatraea saccharalis）（Fabricius）和黄tra（Diatraea flavipennella）（Box）（鳞翅目：Crambidae）。与这些释放物一起，使用了几种合成杀虫剂来控制这些害虫的新生幼虫。我们评估了其中7种杀虫剂对C. flavipes的致死和传代亚致死作用。在最高田间浓度下喷洒氯胺嘧啶，lambda-氟氯氰菊酯+ chlorantraniliprole，氯氟嘧隆，三氟磺隆，lambda-氟氯氰菊酯+噻虫嗪，替布芬唑和novaluron，以最大的田间浓度喷洒叶圆片。蒸馏水用作阴性对照。将新出现的雌性（24小时大）放入装有处理过的叶子的培养皿中，并评估了后两代的致死性和跨代亚致死性。氟氯氰菊酯+氯氰菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯+噻虫嗪导致寄生虫的死亡率为100％，并且高度持久，在喷洒30天后造成30％以上的死亡率。与阴性对照相比，氯吡虫啉，氯氟嘧隆，去甲氟尿嘧啶和三氟尿嘧啶没有引起明显的死亡率，但确实具有跨代亚致死作用。裸露的雌性寄生虫的后代（F1代）减少了右后腿胫骨的长度（作为生长度量）。此外，氯antraniliprole增加，而氟氟嘧隆减少了F1代中雌性的比例，而Novaluron降低了F2代中雌性的比例。总体，仅认为丁苯芬唑胺对C. flavipes无害。这项研究的结果表明，尽管需要实地研究来获得实际的甘蔗作物的结果，但是λ-氟氯氰菊酯+氯氰菊酯和λ-氟氯氰菊酯+噻虫嗪对C. flavipes有害。