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Therapeutic Potential of Amniotic Fluid Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Based on their Differentiation Capacity and Immunomodulatory Properties.
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-02-27 , DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190222201749
Carl R Harrell 1 , Marina Gazdic 2 , Crissy Fellabaum 1 , Nemanja Jovicic 2 , Valentin Djonov 3 , Nebojsa Arsenijevic 2 , Vladislav Volarevic 2
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Amniotic Fluid Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AF-MSCs) are adult, fibroblast- like, self-renewable, multipotent stem cells. During the last decade, the therapeutic potential of AF-MSCs, based on their huge differentiation capacity and immunomodulatory characteristics, has been extensively explored in animal models of degenerative and inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVE In order to describe molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of AFMSCs, we summarized current knowledge about phenotype, differentiation potential and immunosuppressive properties of AF-MSCs. METHODS An extensive literature review was carried out in March 2018 across several databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar), from 1990 to present. Keywords used in the selection were: "amniotic fluid derived mesenchymal stem cells", "cell-therapy", "degenerative diseases", "inflammatory diseases", "regeneration", "immunosuppression". Studies that emphasized molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for AF-MSC-based therapy were analyzed in this review. RESULTS AF-MSCs have huge differentiation and immunosuppressive potential. AF-MSCs are capable of generating cells of mesodermal origin (chondrocytes, osteocytes and adipocytes), neural cells, hepatocytes, alveolar epithelial cells, insulin-producing cells, cardiomyocytes and germ cells. AF-MSCs, in juxtacrine or paracrine manner, regulate proliferation, activation and effector function of immune cells. Due to their huge differentiation capacity and immunosuppressive characteristic, transplantation of AFMSCs showed beneficent effects in animal models of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of nervous, respiratory, urogenital, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system. CONCLUSION Considering the fact that amniotic fluid is obtained through routine prenatal diagnosis, with minimal invasive procedure and without ethical concerns, AF-MSCs represents a valuable source for cell-based therapy of organ-specific or systemic degenerative and inflammatory diseases.

中文翻译:

羊水来源的间充质干细胞基于其分化能力和免疫调节特性的治疗潜力。

背景技术羊水来源的间充质干细胞(AF-MSC)是成年的成纤维细胞样,可自我更新的多能干细胞。在过去的十年中,基于AF-MSCs的巨大分化能力和免疫调节特性,其在退行性和炎性疾病的动物模型中具有广泛的治疗潜力。目的为了描述负责AFMSCs治疗的分子机制,我们总结了有关AF-MSCs的表型,分化潜能和免疫抑制特性的当前知识。方法自1990年至今,我们于2018年3月对多个数据库(MEDLINE,EMBASE,Google Scholar)进行了广泛的文献综述。选择中使用的关键字是:“羊水来源的间充质干细胞”,“ AFMSCs的移植在神经,呼吸,泌尿生殖系统,心血管和胃肠系统的退行性和炎性疾病的动物模型中显示出有益的作用。结论考虑到羊水是通过常规的产前诊断,侵入性操作最少,无伦理问题而获得的,因此AF-MSCs是基于细胞的器官特异性或全身性变性和炎症性疾病治疗的重要来源。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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