The ability of neurons to communicate and store information depends on the activity of synapses which can be located on small protrusions (dendritic spines) or directly on the dendritic shaft. The formation, plasticity, and stability of synapses are regulated by the neuronal cytoskeleton. Actin filaments together with microtubules, neurofilaments, septins, and scaffolding proteins orchestrate the structural organization of both shaft and spine synapses, enabling their efficacy in response to synaptic activation. Synapses critically depend on several factors, which are also mediated by the cytoskeleton, including transport and delivery of proteins from the soma, protein synthesis, as well as surface diffusion of membrane proteins. In this minireview, we focus on recent progress made in the field of cytoskeletal elements of the postsynapse and discuss the differences and similarities between synapses located in the spines versus dendritic shaft.

中文翻译：

---

突触的细胞骨架组成：轴与脊柱。

神经元交流和存储信息的能力取决于突触的活动，这些突触可位于小突起（树突棘）上或直接位于树突轴上。突触的形成，可塑性和稳定性受神经元细胞骨架的调节。肌动蛋白丝与微管，神经丝，隔蛋白和支架蛋白一起编排了轴突和脊柱突触的结构组织，从而使其能够有效地响应突触激活。突触主要取决于几个因素，这些因素也由细胞骨架介导，包括来自体细胞的蛋白质运输和递送，蛋白质合成以及膜蛋白质的表面扩散。在这份迷你评论中，