Classical dendritic cells (cDCs) are mononuclear phagocytes of hematopoietic origin specialized in the induction and regulation of adaptive immunity. Initially defined by their unique T cell activation potential, it became quickly apparent that cDCs would be difficult to distinguish from other phagocyte lineages, by solely relying on marker-based approaches. Today, cDCs definition increasingly embed their unique ontogenetic features. A growing consensus defines cDCs on multiple criteria including: (1) dependency on the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand hematopoietic growth factor, (2) development from the common DC bone marrow progenitor, (3) constitutive expression of the transcription factor ZBTB46 and (4) the ability to induce, after adequate stimulation, the activation of naïve T lymphocytes. cDCs are a heterogeneous cell population that contains two main subsets, named type 1 and type 2 cDCs, arising from divergent ontogenetic pathways and populating multiple lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. Here, we present recent knowledge on the cellular and molecular pathways controlling the specification and commitment of cDC subsets from murine and human hematopoietic stem cells.

中文翻译：

---

经典树突状细胞的起源和发展。

经典树突状细胞 (cDC) 是造血起源的单核吞噬细胞，专门用于诱导和调节适应性免疫。最初由其独特的 T 细胞活化潜力定义，很快就很明显，仅依靠基于标记的方法很难将 cDC 与其他吞噬细胞谱系区分开来。今天，cDC 的定义越来越多地嵌入其独特的个体发育特征。越来越多的共识根据多个标准定义 cDC，包括：(1) 对 fms 样酪氨酸激酶 3 配体造血生长因子的依赖性，(2) 从常见的 DC 骨髓祖细胞发育，(3) 转录因子 ZBTB46 的组成型表达和(4) 在充分刺激后诱导幼稚 T 淋巴细胞活化的能力。cDCs 是一种异质细胞群，包含两个主要亚群，称为 1 型和 2 型 cDCs，由不同的个体发生途径和填充多个淋巴和非淋巴组织产生。在这里，我们介绍了关于控制来自鼠和人类造血干细胞的 cDC 亚群的规范和承诺的细胞和分子途径的最新知识。