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Phenoxyethanol-Based Embalming for Anatomy Teaching: An 18 Years' Experience with Crosado Embalming at the University of Otago in New Zealand.
Anatomical Sciences Education ( IF 7.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-23 , DOI: 10.1002/ase.1933
Brynley Crosado 1 , Sabine Löffler 2 , Benjamin Ondruschka 3 , Ming Zhang 1 , Johann Zwirner 1 , Niels Hammer 4, 5, 6
Affiliation  

Embalming fixatives such as formaldehyde and phenol have been associated with occupational health hazards. While anatomists aim at replacing these chemicals, this seems presently unfeasible in particular for formaldehyde. Furthermore, fixation protocols usually require well‐equipped facilities with highly experienced staff to achieve good fixation results in spite of only a minimal use of formaldehyde. Combining these aspects, a technique robust enough to be carried out by morticians is presented, resulting in durable tissues with minimal formaldehyde use. An embalming protocol involving phenoxyethanol was established, using concentrations of 7 and 1.5 Vol% of phenoxyethanol in the fixative and the conservation fluid, respectively. Visual, haptic, histological, and biomechanical properties and their perceived potential to positively influence student learning outcomes were compared to standard embalming techniques. The phenoxyethanol technique provides esthetic, durable, and odorless tissues. Bleaching is less pronounced compared to ethanol‐ or formaldehyde‐based protocols. The tissues remain pliable following the phenoxyethanol‐based embalming and can be used for biomechanical experiments to some extent. Phenoxyethanol‐fixed tissues are well suited for undergraduate teaching with perceived positive learning outcomes and partly for postgraduate training. Phenoxyethanol tissues provide the option to obtain well‐preserved histology samples, similar to those derived from formaldehyde. The provided protocol helps replace the use of phenol and formaldehyde for conservation purposes and minimizes the use of formaldehyde for the initial injection fixation. Phenoxyethanol‐based embalming forms an effective alternative to standard embalming techniques for human cadavers. It is simple to use, allowing fixation procedures to be carried out in less sophisticated facilities with non‐anatomy staff.

中文翻译:

用于解剖教学的苯氧乙醇防腐:新西兰奥塔哥大学 18 年的 Crosado 防腐经验。

甲醛和苯酚等防腐固定剂与职业健康危害有关。虽然解剖学家的目标是取代这些化学物质,但目前这似乎不可行,尤其是对甲醛而言。此外,固定方案通常需要设备齐全的设施和经验丰富的人员,以达到良好的固定效果,尽管甲醛的使用量很少。结合这些方面,提出了一种足以由殡仪业者进行的技术,从而产生耐用的组织,甲醛的使用量最少。建立了涉及苯氧乙醇的防腐协议,在固定剂和保护液中分别使用浓度为 7 和 1.5% 的苯氧乙醇。视觉、触觉、组织学、和生物力学特性及其对学生学习成果产生积极影响的感知潜力与标准防腐技术进行了比较。苯氧乙醇技术提供美观、耐用且无味的组织。与基于乙醇或甲醛的方案相比,漂白不太明显。在苯氧乙醇基防腐处理后,组织保持柔韧,可在一定程度上用于生物力学实验。苯氧乙醇固定的组织非常适合具有积极学习成果的本科教学,部分适用于研究生培训。苯氧乙醇组织提供了获得保存完好的组织学样本的选择,类似于那些来自甲醛的组织样本。所提供的协议有助于替代苯酚和甲醛的使用以进行保护,并最大限度地减少甲醛在初始注射固定中的使用。基于苯氧乙醇的防腐是人类尸体标准防腐技术的有效替代方案。它使用简单,允许在非解剖人员的不太复杂的设施中进行固定程序。
更新日期:2019-11-23
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