We accessed the culturable mycobiota present in marine sediments at different depths in Antarctica Ocean. Acremonium fusidioides, Penicillium allii-sativi, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium palitans, Penicillium solitum, and Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus were identified. Penicillium allii-sativi was the dominant species. At least one isolate of each species was capable to present antifungal, trypanocidal, leishmanicidal, antimalarial, nematocidal, or herbicidal activities. Penicillium produced extracts with strong trypanocidal and antimalarial activities, and the extracts of P. solitum and P. chrysogenum demonstrated strong antimalarial activities. Acremonium fusidioides and P. verrucosus displayed strong selective herbicidal properties. The ¹H NMR signals for extracts of A. fusidioides, P. chrysogenum, and P. solitum indicated the presence of highly functionalized secondary metabolites, which may be responsible for the biological activities detected. In the deep marine Antarctic sediments, we detected fungal assemblages in which the Penicillium species were found to be dominant and demonstrated capabilities to survive and/or colonise that poly-extreme habitat. Penicillium being a polyextremophile Antarctic species, exhibited strong biological activities and the presence of aromatic compounds in its extracts may indicate that they are wild ancient strains with high genetic and biochemical potentials that enable them to produce bioactive compounds which can be researched in further studies and used in the chemotherapy of neglected tropical diseases as well as in agriculture.

中文翻译：

---

南极深海沉积物中存在的可培养真菌：生物活性化合物的分类，多样性和生物勘探。

我们访问了南极海洋不同深度海洋沉积物中存在的可培养真菌菌群。枝顶fusidioides，青霉叶斑病，sativi，产黄青霉，青霉palitans，青霉solitum和Pseudogymnoascus疣进行鉴定。满意青霉是优势种。每个物种的至少一种分离物能够表现出抗真菌，锥虫，杀螨，抗疟，杀线虫或除草活性。青霉产生的提取物具有很强的锥虫和抗疟疾活性，而P. solitum和P.产黄青霉显示出强大的抗疟活性。枝顶fusidioides和P。verrucosus具有很强的选择性除草特性。的¹ 1 H NMR信号为提取物甲。fusidioides，P . 黄青霉，和P。solitum表明存在高度功能化的次生代谢产物，其可能与检测到的生物学活性有关。在深海的南极沉积物中，我们检测到了青霉菌的真菌组合。发现该物种是主要物种，并表现出生存和/或定殖于该极端生物栖息地的能力。青霉是一种具有极强生物活性的南极物种，其生物活性强，提取物中存在的芳香族化合物可能表明它们是古老的野生菌株，具有很高的遗传和生化潜力，使其能够生产出具有生物活性的化合物，可以进一步研究和使用。在被忽视的热带病的化学疗法中以及在农业中。