Many studies have recently shown that diet and its impact on gut microbiota are closely related to obesity and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut microbiota may be an important intermediate link, causing gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases under the influence of changes in diet and genetic predisposition. The aim of this study was to assess the reversibility of liver phenotype in parallel with exploring the resilience of the mice gut microbiota by switching high-fat diet (HFD) to chow diet (CD). Mice were fed an HF for 8 weeks. A part of the mice was euthanized, whereas the rest were then fed a CD. These mice were euthanized after 3 and 7 days of feeding with CD, respectively. Gut microbiota composition, serum parameters, and liver morphology were assessed. Eight weeks of HFD treatment induced marked liver steatosis in mice with a perturbed microbiome. Interestingly, only 7 days of CD was enough to recover the liver to a normal status, whereas the microbiome was accordingly reshaped to a close to initial pattern. The abundance of some of the bacteria including Prevotella, Parabacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Allobaculum was reversible upon diet change from HFD to CD. This suggests that microbiome modifications contribute to the metabolic effects of HFD feeding and that restoration of a normal microbiota may lead to improvement of the liver phenotype. In conclusion, we found that steatosis and gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by 8 weeks of high-fat diet can be reversed by 1 week of chow diet administration, and we identified gut bacteria associated with the metabolic phenotype.

中文翻译：

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高脂饮食引起的脂肪变性和肠道菌群失调可通过一周的杂食治疗来逆转

最近许多研究表明，饮食及其对肠道菌群的影响与肥胖和代谢疾病（包括非酒精性脂肪肝疾病）密切相关。肠道菌群可能是一个重要的中间环节，在饮食和遗传易感性变化的影响下引起胃肠道和代谢性疾病。本研究的目的是评估肝脏表型的可逆性，同时通过将高脂饮食 (HFD) 转换为普通饮食 (CD) 来探索小鼠肠道微生物群的恢复能力。给小鼠喂食 HF 8 周。部分小鼠被安乐死，而其余的则被喂食CD。这些小鼠分别在用 CD 喂养 3 天和 7 天后被安乐死。评估了肠道微生物群组成、血清参数和肝脏形态。八周的 HFD 治疗在微生物组受到干扰的小鼠中引起了显着的肝脏脂肪变性。有趣的是，仅 7 天的 CD 就足以使肝脏恢复到正常状态，而微生物组相应地被重塑为接近初始模式。一些细菌的丰度，包括普氏菌属、副杆菌属、乳杆菌属和异杆菌属，在饮食从 HFD 变为 CD 时是可逆的。这表明微生物组修饰有助于 HFD 喂养的代谢效应，恢复正常微生物群可能导致肝脏表型的改善。总之，我们发现由 8 周的高脂饮食引起的脂肪变性和肠道菌群失调可以通过 1 周的普通饮食来逆转，并且我们确定了与代谢表型相关的肠道细菌。