Mastitis, an inflammation of the udder, is a challenging problem in dairy animals accounting for high economic losses. Disease complexity, degree of economic losses and increasing importance of the dairy industries along with public health concerns envisages devising appropriate diagnostics of mastitis, which can offer rapid, accurate and confirmatory diagnosis. The various diagnostic tests of mastitis have been divided into general or phenotypic and specific or genotypic tests. General or phenotypic tests are those that identify general alterations, which are not specific to any pathogen. Genotypic tests are specific, hence confirmatory for diagnosis of mastitis and include specific culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its various versions (e.g. qRT-PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification, lateral flow assays, nucleotide sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and other molecular diagnostic methods. However, for highly specific and confirmatory diagnosis, pure cultures still provide raw materials for more sophisticated diagnostic technological interventions like PCR and nucleotide sequencing. Diagnostic ability of like infra-red thermography (IRT) has been shown to be similar to California mastitis test and also differentiates clinical mastitis from subclinical mastitis cases. As such, IRT can become a convenient and portable diagnostic tool. Of note, magnetic nanoparticles-based colorimetric biosensor assay was developed by using for instance proteolytic activity of plasmin or anti-S. aureus antibody. Last but not least, microRNAs have been suggested to be potential biomarkers for diagnosing bovine mastitis. This review summarizes the various diagnostic tests available for detection of mastitis including diagnosis through general and specific technological interventions and advances.

乳腺炎，即乳房的炎症，是造成高经济损失的奶牛动物中的一个难题。疾病的复杂性，经济损失的程度以及乳制品行业的重要性日益提高，以及对公共卫生的关注，设想设计出适当的乳腺炎诊断方法，可以提供快速，准确和确定性的诊断。乳腺炎的各种诊断测试已分为普通或表型测试和特异性或基因型测试。常规或表型测试是用于识别并非针对任何病原体的常规更改的测试。基因型检测是特异性的，因此可确诊乳腺炎，包括特异性培​​养，聚合酶链反应（PCR）及其各种版本（例如qRT-PCR），环介导的等温扩增，侧向流动分析，核苷酸测序，基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法和其他分子诊断方法。但是，对于高度特异性和确定性的诊断，纯培养物仍可为更复杂的诊断技术干预（例如PCR和核苷酸测序）提供原材料。像红外热像仪（IRT）这样的诊断能力已显示出与加利福尼亚乳腺炎测试相似，并且也将临床乳腺炎与亚临床乳腺炎病例区分开来。这样，IRT可以成为一种方便且可移植的诊断工具。值得注意的是，基于磁性纳米粒子的比色生物传感器测定法是通过使用纤溶酶的蛋白水解活性或抗 对于高度特异性和确定性的诊断，纯培养物仍可为更复杂的诊断技术干预（例如PCR和核苷酸测序）提供原材料。像红外热像仪（IRT）这样的诊断能力已显示出与加利福尼亚乳腺炎测试相似，并且也将临床乳腺炎与亚临床乳腺炎病例区分开。这样，IRT可以成为一种方便且可移植的诊断工具。值得注意的是，基于磁性纳米粒子的比色生物传感器测定法是通过使用纤溶酶的蛋白水解活性或抗 对于高度特异性和确定性的诊断，纯培养物仍可为更复杂的诊断技术干预（例如PCR和核苷酸测序）提供原材料。像红外热像仪（IRT）这样的诊断能力已显示出与加利福尼亚乳腺炎测试相似，并且也将临床乳腺炎与亚临床乳腺炎病例区分开来。这样，IRT可以成为一种方便且可移植的诊断工具。值得注意的是，基于磁性纳米粒子的比色生物传感器测定法是通过使用纤溶酶的蛋白水解活性或抗 像红外热像仪（IRT）这样的诊断能力已显示出与加利福尼亚乳腺炎测试相似，并且也将临床乳腺炎与亚临床乳腺炎病例区分开来。这样，IRT可以成为一种方便且可移植的诊断工具。值得注意的是，基于磁性纳米粒子的比色生物传感器测定法是通过使用纤溶酶的蛋白水解活性或抗 像红外热像仪（IRT）这样的诊断能力已显示出与加利福尼亚乳腺炎测试相似，并且也将临床乳腺炎与亚临床乳腺炎病例区分开来。这样，IRT可以成为一种方便且可移植的诊断工具。值得注意的是，基于磁性纳米粒子的比色生物传感器测定法是通过使用纤溶酶的蛋白水解活性或抗金黄色葡萄球菌抗体。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，有人提出microRNAs是诊断牛乳腺炎的潜在生物标志物。这篇综述总结了可用于检测乳腺炎的各种诊断测试，包括通过一般和特定的技术干预和进展进行的诊断。