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A Vision for Nutrition Research in Asia
Food and Nutrition Bulletin ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 , DOI: 10.1177/0379572119851637
Shweta Khandelwal 1 , Anura Kurpad 2
Affiliation  

Asia is the largest and most populated continent in the world with 2 very large countries, India and China, accounting for over 2 billion people. The continent of Asia covers 29.4% of the Earth’s land area and has a population of around 4.5 billion (as of 2015), accounting for about 60% of the world population. The combined population of both China and India are estimated to be over 2.7 billion people as of 2015. Asia is home to 49 countries usually grouped under 6 main regions: Central Asia (Turkic peoples, Iranian peoples, Mongols, Russians); East Asia (Chinese ethnic groups (historical), Sino-Tibetan peoples, Japanese people, Koreans); Northern Asia (Indigenous peoples of Siberia; Finno-Ugric peoples; Tungusic people); South Asia (India, Pakistan, Dravidians, IndoAryans, Munda people); Southeast Asia (Austronesian peoples, Tai peoples; Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Vietnam); and West Asia (Arab people, Jews, Samaritans, Druze, Peoples of the Caucasus [transcontinental], Ethnic minorities in Iran, Ethnic minorities in Iraq; Iranian peoples, Turkmen, Turks). With rapid industrialization, Asian countries are facing both undernutrition and overnutrition or the so-called double burden of malnutrition. Large discrepancies in the prevalence of maternal and child undernutrition are observed among countries in this region. The prevalence of low birth weight, stunting, and wasting were 3 to 6 times higher in south Asia than south-east Asia/Pacific regions, whereas overweight/obesity was comparable (4%-5%). The prevalence of low birth weight ranges from 3% in China to 28% in India. Low birth weight is associated with later adult chronic disease, and there is good biological evidence for fetal programming for later risk of chronic disease as well as intergenerational passage of risk. Pregnancy during adolescence poses an important additional risk to poor fetal growth, especially where stunting and anemia among young girls are high/severe. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major concern for high-risk pregnancies. Recently, GDM was reported to be increasing in China, Hong Kong, Thailand, India, and Pakistan but not in Japan and Korea. The overall prevalence was 3% to 5% in many countries but much higher in India. Studies in the United States, which include race/ethnicity,
更新日期:2019-06-01
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