This review underlines the public health significance of ‘Indian Bison Type’ of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and also its potential as ‘zoonotic infection’. In the absence of control programs, bio-load of MAP is increasing and if we take total population of animals (500 million plus) and human beings (1.23 billion plus) into account, the number of infected animals and human beings will run into millions in India. Our research on screening of over 26,000 domestic livestock for MAP infection using 4 different diagnostic tests (microscopy, culture, ELISA and PCR), during last 31 years has shown that the average bio-load of MAP in the livestock population of India is very high (cattle 43%, buffaloes 36%, goats 23% and sheep 41%). ‘Mass screening’ of 28,291 human samples between 2008–2016 revealed also high bio-load of MAP. It has been proved that MAP is not in-activated during pasteurization and therefore live bacilli are continuously reaching human population by consumption of even pasteurized milk and other milk products. Live bacilli have also been recovered from meat products and the environment thus illustrating the potential of MAP as pathogen of public health concern. However, at present, there is inadequate scientific evidence to confirm a conclusive link between MAP infection and Johne's disease in ruminants and some cases of Crohn's disease in human beings.

这篇评论强调了鸟分枝杆菌亚种副结核的“印度野牛型”的公共卫生意义。（MAP）及其潜在的“动物传染病”。在缺乏控制计划的情况下，MAP的生物负荷正在增加，如果我们考虑到动物总数（5亿多）和人类（12.3亿多），那么被感染的动物和人类的数量将达到数百万。在印度。我们在过去31年中使用4种不同的诊断测试（显微镜，培养，ELISA和PCR）筛查26,000多只家畜是否患有MAP的研究表明，印度牲畜种群中MAP的平均生物负荷非常高（牛43％，水牛36％，山羊23％和绵羊41％）。在2008年至2016年之间对28,291份人类样品进行了“质量筛选”，结果显示MAP的生物负荷也很高。业已证明，巴氏杀菌过程中未使MAP失活，因此，即使食用经过巴氏杀菌的牛奶和其他奶制品，活菌也不断进入人群。还从肉类产品和环境中回收了活细菌，从而说明了MAP作为公共卫生关注病原体的潜力。但是，目前，没有足够的科学证据来证实反刍动物中MAP感染与约翰尼氏病以及人类某些克罗恩氏病之间存在结论性联系。