Arcobacter has emerged as an important food-borne zoonotic pathogen, causing sometimes serious infections in humans and animals. Newer species of Arcobacter are being incessantly emerging (presently 25 species have been identified) with novel information on the evolutionary mechanisms and genetic diversity among different Arcobacter species. These have been reported from chickens, domestic animals (cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, dogs), reptiles (lizards, snakes and chelonians), meat (poultry, pork, goat, lamb, beef, rabbit), vegetables and from humans in different countries. Arcobacters are implicated as causative agents of diarrhea, mastitis and abortion in animals, while causing bacteremia, endocarditis, peritonitis, gastroenteritis and diarrhea in humans. Three species including A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii are predominantly associated with clinical conditions. Arcobacters are primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water sources. Identification of Arcobacter by biochemical tests is difficult and isolation remains the gold standard method. Current diagnostic advances have provided various molecular methods for efficient detection and differentiation of the Arcobacters at genus and species level. To overcome the emerging antibiotic resistance problem there is an essential need to explore the potential of novel and alternative therapies. Strengthening of the diagnostic aspects is also suggested as in most cases Arcobacters goes unnoticed and hence the exact epidemiological status remains uncertain. This review updates the current knowledge and many aspects of this important food-borne pathogen, namely etiology, evolution and emergence, genetic diversity, epidemiology, the disease in animals and humans, public health concerns, and advances in its diagnosis, prevention and control.

杆状杆菌已成为一种重要的食源性人畜共患病原体，有时会导致人类和动物严重感染。不断涌现出新的Arcobacter物种（目前已鉴定出25个物种），并提供了有关不同Arcobacter物种之间进化机制和遗传多样性的新颖信息。在鸡，家畜（牛，猪，绵羊，马，狗），爬行动物（蜥蜴，蛇和li虫），肉（家禽，猪肉，山羊，羊肉，牛肉，兔子），蔬菜和人类中已有报道。不同国家。杆菌属它们被认为是引起动物腹泻，乳腺炎和流产的病原体，同时引起人类菌血症，心内膜炎，腹膜炎，胃肠炎和腹泻。包括Butzleri，A。cryaerophilus和A. skirrowii在内的三个物种主要与临床状况有关。杆状杆菌主要通过受污染的食物和水源传播。通过生化测试鉴定芽孢杆菌很困难，分离仍然是金标准方法。当前的诊断进展已经提供了多种分子方法来有效检测和区分芽孢杆菌在属和种的层面上。为了克服新出现的抗生素抗性问题，迫切需要探索新的替代疗法的潜力。还建议加强诊断方面，因为在大多数情况下，不注意到分支杆菌，因此确切的流行病学状态仍然不确定。这篇综述更新了这种重要的食源性病原体的最新知识和许多方面，包括病因学，进化和出现，遗传多样性，流行病学，动物和人类疾病，公共卫生问题以及其诊断，预防和控制的进展。