The current study investigated the emergence of multidrug-resistance (MDR), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg in broiler chickens and workers in poultry farms. A total of 33 S. Heidelberg isolates were recovered; 24 from the broiler cloacal swabs and 9 from the farm workers. All the S. Heidelberg isolates were tested for susceptibility to 11 antimicrobial agents and for the presence of resistance and virulence genes. MDR strains were found in 95.8% (23/24) and 88.8% (8/9) of the broiler and human isolates, respectively. Among the MDR strains, 66.6% of the broiler isolates and 55.5% of the human isolates were ESBL producing. The majority of broiler isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (100%) and ceftriaxone (91.6%), followed by ceftazidime and imipenem, (87.5%) and (75%). The resistance rate of the human isolates to those antibiotics were lower than the broiler isolates; ampicillin (88.8%), ceftriaxone (66.6%), ceftazidime (77.7%), and imipenem (66.6%). The resistance determinant genes found among the isolated strains was bla_SHV-1, bla_TEM-1, bla_CMY-2, bla_OXA-1, bla_CMY-M2, bla_PSE-1, and ampC. The most detected ESBL genes for broiler and human isolates were ampC (63.7%) and bla_SHV-1 (56.6%), followed by bla_CMY-M2 (48.5%), bla_TEM-1 (39.4%), and bla_OXA-1 (27.3%); whereas bla_CMY-2 and bla_PSE-1 were not detected. The finding of chromosomal and plasmid virulence genes revealed that the invA (100%), stn, sipC, and rck (72.8%), spvC (66.7%), ssr (63.6%), sopB (54.6%), and hilA and sipA (3.0%), while pefA and ssaR were absent. An elevated rate of MDR Salmonella Heidelberg in chickens is of potential great health risk. This signifies the role of the food of animal origin as a reservoir of MDR Salmonella that can affect the human health.

中文翻译：

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从肉鸡和家禽工人分离的广谱β-内酰胺酶生产沙门氏菌海德堡沙门氏菌的毒力和抗生素耐药性模式：潜在危险。

目前的研究调查了多药抗性（MDR），广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）产生的沙门氏菌血清型海德堡沙门氏菌在肉鸡和家禽养殖场工人中的出现。总共33的小号。海德堡分离株被回收；肉鸡泄殖腔拭子有24个，农场工人有9个。所有的S。测试了海德堡分离株对11种抗菌剂的敏感性以及耐药性和毒力基因的存在。在肉鸡和人分离株中分别发现MDR菌株为95.8％（23/24）和88.8％（8/9）。在MDR菌株中，有66.6％的肉鸡分离株和55.5％的人分离株是ESBL产生的。大多数肉鸡分离株显示出对氨苄青霉素（100％）和头孢曲松（91.6％）的抗性，其次是头孢他啶和亚胺培南（87.5％）和（75％）。人类分离株对那些抗生素的耐药率低于肉鸡分离株；氨苄青霉素（88.8％），头孢曲松（66.6％），头孢他啶（77.7％）和亚胺培南（66.6％）。在分离出的菌株中发现的抗性决定基因是bla _SHV-1，bla _TEM-1。，bla _CMY-2，bla _OXA-1，bla _CMY-M2，bla _PSE-1和ampC。肉鸡和人分离株中检测到最多的ESBL基因是ampC（63.7％）和bla _SHV-1（56.6％），其次是bla _CMY-M2（48.5％），bla _TEM-1（39.4％）和bla _{OXA- 1}（27.3％）; 而BLA _CMY-2和BLA _PSE-1中未检测到。染色体和质粒毒力基因的发现表明，inv A（100％），stn，sip C和rck（72.8％），spv C（66.7％），ssr（63.6％），sop B（54.6％）以及hil A和sip A（3.0％），而缺少Pef A和ssa R 。鸡肉中耐多药沙门氏菌海德堡的比例升高可能会危害健康。这表明动物源性食品作为耐多药沙门氏菌的储库的作用，会影响人类健康。