BACKGROUND Galectin-3 binding protein (Gal3BP), sCD163, galectin-3, and depression have been linked to cardiovascular disease and mortality. In patients with type 1 diabetes, female sex has also been linked to cardiovascular disease and mortality. The aim was to explore whether female sex, sCD163, galectin-3, and depression were associated with Gal3BP in patients with type 1 diabetes. We adjusted for metabolic variables, creatinine, smoking, physical inactivity, and cardiovascular disease. METHODS Cross-sectional design. Patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 285, women 44%, age18-59 years, diabetes duration 1-55 years) were consecutively recruited from one diabetes outpatient clinic. Blood samples, anthropometrics, and blood pressure were collected, supplemented with data from electronic medical records. High Gal3BP was defined as ≥3.3 mg/l (≥80th percentile). Depression was assessed by a self-report instrument. Linear and logistic regression models were elaborated for the associations and calibrated and validated for goodness of fit with the data variables. RESULTS Median (q1, q3) Gal3BP was 2.3 (1.8, 3.1) mg/l. The prevalence of high Gal3BP for women was 30% and 14% for men (p = 0.001). Female sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.0), sCD163 (per μg/l) (AOR 6.6), and total cholesterol (per mmol/l) (AOR 1.6) were positively associated with high Gal3BP, and HDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l) (AOR 0.2) was negatively associated with high Gal3BP. CONCLUSIONS High Gal3BP levels were associated with female sex, increasing sCD163 and total cholesterol levels, and decreasing HDL-cholesterol levels in patients with type 1 diabetes. The prevalence of high Gal3BP was more than twice as high in the women as in the men.

中文翻译：

---

在1型糖尿病中，女性，高可溶性CD163和低HDL-胆固醇与高半乳糖凝集素3结合蛋白相关。

背景技术Galectin-3结合蛋白（Gal3BP），sCD163，galectin-3和抑郁症与心血管疾病和死亡率有关。在1型糖尿病患者中，女性也与心血管疾病和死亡率有关。目的是探讨女性，sCD163，galectin-3和抑郁症是否与1型糖尿病患者的Gal3BP相关。我们调整了代谢变量，肌酐，吸烟，缺乏运动和心血管疾病。方法横断面设计。从一家糖尿病门诊诊所连续招募患有1型糖尿病的患者（n = 285，女性44％，年龄18-59岁，糖尿病病程1-55岁）。收集血液样本，人体测量学和血压，并补充来自电子病历的数据。高Gal3BP定义为≥3。3 mg / l（≥80％）。用自我报告工具评估抑郁症。阐述了线性和逻辑回归模型的相关性，并进行了校准和验证，以确保与数据变量的拟合度。结果Gal3BP中位数（q1，q3）为2.3（1.8，3.1）mg / l。女性高Gal3BP的患病率是男性的30％和14％（p = 0.001）。女性（校正比值比（AOR）3.0），sCD163（每微克/升）（AOR 6.6）和总胆固醇（每mmol / l）（AOR 1.6）与高Gal3BP和HDL-胆固醇（每mmol / l）（AOR 0.2）与高Gal3BP负相关。结论高Gal3BP水平与女性，1型糖尿病患者的sCD163和总胆固醇水平升高以及HDL-胆固醇水平降低有关。