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Parsing Heterogeneity in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder with Individual Connectome Mapping.
Brain Connectivity ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-22 , DOI: 10.1089/brain.2019.0669
Dina R Dajani 1 , Catherine A Burrows 2 , Mary Beth Nebel 3, 4 , Stewart H Mostofsky 3, 4, 5 , Kathleen M Gates 6 , Lucina Q Uddin 1, 7
Affiliation  

Traditional diagnostic systems for neurodevelopmental disorders define diagnostic categories that are heterogeneous in behavior and underlying neurobiological alterations. The goal of this study was to parse heterogeneity in a core executive function (EF), cognitive flexibility, in children with a range of abilities (N = 132; children with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], and typically developing children) using directed functional connectivity profiles derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Brain regions activated in response to a cognitive flexibility task in adults were used to guide region-of-interest selection to estimate individual connectivity profiles in this study. We expected to find subgroups of children who differed in their network connectivity metrics and symptom measures. Unexpectedly, we did not find a stable or valid subgrouping solution, which suggests that categorical models of the neural substrates of cognitive flexibility in children may be invalid. Exploratory analyses revealed dimensional associations between network connectivity metrics and ADHD symptomatology and EF ability across the entire sample. Results shed light on the validity of conceptualizing the neural substrates of cognitive flexibility categorically in children. Ultimately, this work may provide a foundation for the development of a revised nosology focused on neurobiological substrates as an alternative to traditional symptom-based classification systems.

中文翻译:

解析自闭症谱系障碍和注意缺陷/多动障碍的异质性与个别连接组映射。

神经发育障碍的传统诊断系统定义了行为和潜在的神经生物学改变异质的诊断类别。这项研究的目的是分析具有多种能力的儿童(N = 132;自闭症谱系障碍,注意力缺陷/多动障碍[ADHD]和儿童)的核心执行功能(EF),认知灵活性的异质性。 (通常是发育中的儿童),使用从静止状态功能磁共振成像数据得出的定向功能连接配置文件。响应于成年人的认知灵活性任务而激活的大脑区域被用来指导感兴趣区域的选择,以估计这项研究中的个体连通性。我们希望找到其网络连接性指标和症状指标不同的儿童亚组。出乎意料的是,我们没有找到一个稳定或有效的分组解决方案,这表明儿童认知灵活性的神经底物的分类模型可能无效。探索性分析揭示了整个连接样本中网络连接性指标与ADHD症状学和EF能力之间的维度关联。结果揭示了概念性分类儿童认知能力的神经基础的有效性。最终,这项工作可以为开发修订后的以神经生物学底物为重点的疾病学奠定基础,以替代传统的基于症状的分类系统。我们没有找到稳定或有效的分组解决方案,这表明儿童认知柔韧性的神经基质的分类模型可能无效。探索性分析揭示了整个样本中网络连接性指标与ADHD症状学和EF能力之间的维度关联。结果揭示了概念性分类儿童认知能力的神经基础的有效性。最终,这项工作可以为开发修订后的以神经生物学底物为重点的疾病学奠定基础,以替代传统的基于症状的分类系统。我们没有找到稳定或有效的分组解决方案,这表明儿童认知柔韧性的神经基质的分类模型可能无效。探索性分析揭示了整个连接样本中网络连接性指标与ADHD症状和EF能力之间的维度关联。结果揭示了概念性地对儿童认知灵活性的神经底物进行概念化的有效性。最终,这项工作可以为开发修订后的以神经生物学底物为重点的疾病学奠定基础,以替代传统的基于症状的分类系统。探索性分析揭示了整个连接样本中网络连接性指标与ADHD症状和EF能力之间的维度关联。结果揭示了概念性分类儿童认知能力的神经基础的有效性。最终,这项工作可以为开发修订后的以神经生物学底物为重点的疾病学奠定基础,以替代传统的基于症状的分类系统。探索性分析揭示了整个样本中网络连接性指标与ADHD症状学和EF能力之间的维度关联。结果揭示了概念性分类儿童认知能力的神经基础的有效性。最终,这项工作可以为开发修订后的以神经生物学底物为重点的疾病学奠定基础,以替代传统的基于症状的分类系统。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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