Human papillomaviruses (HPV) contribute to most cervical cancers and are considered to be sexually transmitted. However, papillomaviruses are often found in cancers of internal organs, including the stomach, raising the question as to how the viruses gain access to these sites. A possible connection between blood transfusion and HPV-associated disease has not received much attention. Here we show, in rabbit and mouse models, that blood infected with papillomavirus yields infections at permissive sites with detectable viral DNA, RNA transcripts, and protein products. The rabbit skin tumours induced via blood infection displayed decreased expression of SLN, TAC1, MYH8, PGAM2, and APOBEC2 and increased expression of SDRC7, KRT16, S100A9, IL36G, and FABP9, as seen in tumours induced by local infections. Furthermore, we demonstrate that blood from infected mice can transmit the infection to uninfected animals. Finally, we demonstrate the presence of papillomavirus infections and virus-induced hyperplasia in the stomach tissues of animals infected via the blood. These results indicate that blood transmission could be another route for papillomavirus infection, implying that the human blood supply, which is not screened for papillomaviruses, could be a potential source of HPV infection as well as subsequent cancers in tissues not normally associated with the viruses.

中文翻译：

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乳头瘤病毒可通过血液传播并在受血者中产生感染：来自两种动物模型的证据。

人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）导致大多数宫颈癌，并被认为是性传播的。但是，乳头瘤病毒通常在包括胃在内的内脏癌中发现，这引发了有关病毒如何进入这些部位的问题。输血与HPV相关疾病之间可能存在的联系并未引起太多关注。在这里，我们显示了在兔和小鼠模型中，感染了乳头瘤病毒的血液在可允许的部位产生了可检测的病毒DNA，RNA转录本和蛋白质产物的感染。在局部感染诱导的肿瘤中，血液感染引起的兔皮肤肿瘤显示SLN，TAC1，MYH8，PGAM2和APOBEC2的表达减少，而SDRC7，KRT16，S100A9，IL36G和FABP9的表达增加。此外，我们证明感染小鼠的血液可以将感染传播给未感染的动物。最后，我们证明了通过血液感染的动物的胃组织中存在乳头瘤病毒感染和病毒诱导的增生。这些结果表明，血液传播可能是乳头瘤病毒感染的另一种途径，这意味着未筛选乳头瘤病毒的人的血液供应可能是HPV感染的潜在来源，以及随后通常与病毒无关的组织中的癌症。