Photodynamic therapy and phototherapy are used in the clinic to treat dermatological conditions, cancer, macular degeneration, and a variety of other diseases. Despite their long history and widespread application, the scope of these therapeutic approaches has been limited by a lack of specificity and challenges with light delivery. In recent years, much progress has been made in these regards. Photopharmacology has provided drug-like molecules that change their efficacy upon irradiation and allow for the optical control of a wide range of defined biological targets. Many photopharmaceuticals are now used in vivo and some show promising results in preclinical development. At the same time, new bioelectronics for subdermal light delivery have been engineered that could enable phototherapy deep in tissue, for example within the human brain. These developments could increase the impact of photodynamic therapy in human precision medicine.

中文翻译：

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光疗领域的新参与者：光药理学和生物集成光电。

光动力疗法和光疗法在临床上用于治疗皮肤病，癌症，黄斑变性和多种其他疾病。尽管其悠久的历史和广泛的应用，但是由于缺乏特异性和光传输方面的挑战，这些治疗方法的范围受到了限制。近年来，在这些方面已经取得了很大进展。光药理学提供了类药物分子，它们在照射后会改变其功效，并可以对多种已定义的生物学靶标进行光学控制。现在，许多光药物被用于体内，并且一些在临床前开发中显示出令人鼓舞的结果。同时，已经设计出了用于皮下光传输的新生物电子技术，可以使组织内部（例如人脑内）的光疗更深入。