Recent theorizing and empirical evidence suggesting that Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) are more context-independent than previously thought has sparked a debate about the role of situation descriptions in SJTs. To contribute to this debate and add to our understanding of how SJTs work, this article conceptually embeds SJT performance in a situation construal model and examines the effects of situation descriptions on the construct saturation and predictive validity of SJT scores, as well as on applicant perceptions. Across two studies (N = 1,092 and 578) and different SJTs, personality and cognitive ability were equally important determinants of SJT performance regardless of whether situation descriptions were presented or omitted. The effects of removing situation descriptions on the criterion-related validity of SJT scores differed depending on the breadth of the criteria. For predicting global job performance criteria (in-role performance and organizational citizenship behavior), SJT validity was not significantly affected, whereas it decreased for predicting more specific criteria (interpersonal adaptability, efficacy for teamwork). Finally, the effects of omitting situation descriptions in SJTs on applicant perceptions were either negligible or small. Implications for SJT theory, research, and design are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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情境在情境判断测试中的作用：对结构饱和度、预测有效性和申请人感知的影响。

最近的理论和经验证据表明，情境判断测试 (SJT) 比以前认为的更加独立于情境，这引发了关于情境描述在 SJT 中的作用的争论。为了促进这场辩论并加深我们对 SJT 工作原理的理解，本文将 SJT 表现概念性地嵌入情境解释模型中，并检验情境描述对 SJT 分数的构念饱和度和预测效度的影响，以及对申请人感知的影响. 在两项研究（N = 1,092 和 578）和不同的 SJT 中，性格和认知能力是 SJT 表现的同等重要决定因素，无论是呈现还是省略情况描述。去除情境描述对 SJT 分数的标准相关效度的影响因标准的广度而异。对于预测全球工作绩效标准（角色绩效和组织公民行为），SJT 效度没有显着影响，而在预测更具体的标准（人际适应性、团队合作效率）方面则下降。最后，在 SJT 中省略情况描述对申请人感知的影响要么可以忽略不计，要么很小。讨论了对 SJT 理论、研究和设计的影响。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2019 APA，保留所有权利）。而它在预测更具体的标准（人际适应性、团队合作效率）时下降。最后，在 SJT 中省略情况描述对申请人感知的影响要么可以忽略不计，要么很小。讨论了对 SJT 理论、研究和设计的影响。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2019 APA，保留所有权利）。而它在预测更具体的标准（人际适应性、团队合作效率）时下降。最后，在 SJT 中省略情况描述对申请人感知的影响要么可以忽略不计，要么很小。讨论了对 SJT 理论、研究和设计的影响。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2019 APA，保留所有权利）。