Event-related potentials (ERPs) and oscillations (EROs) are reliable measures of cognition, but they require time-locked electroencephalographic (EEG) data to repetitive triggers that are not available in continuous sensory input streams. However, such real-life-like stimulation by videos or virtual-reality environments may serve as powerful means of creating specific cognitive or affective states and help to investigate dysfunctions in psychiatric and neurological disorders more efficiently. This study aims to develop a method to generate ERPs and EROs during watching videos. Repeated luminance changes were introduced on short video segments, while EEGs of 10 subjects were recorded. The ERP/EROs time-locked to these distortions were analyzed in time and time–frequency domains and tested for their cognitive significance through a long term memory test that included frames from the watched videos. For each subject, ERPs and EROs corresponding to video segments of recalled images with 25% shortest and 25% longest reaction times were compared. ERPs produced by transient luminance changes displayed statistically significant fluctuations both in time and time–frequency domains. Statistical analyses showed that a positivity around 450 ms, a negativity around 500 ms and delta and theta EROs correlated with memory performance. Few studies mixed video streams with simultaneous ERP/ERO experiments with discrete task-relevant or passively presented auditory or somatosensory stimuli, while the present study, by obtaining ERPs and EROs to task-irrelevant events in the same sensory modality as that of the continuous sensory input, produces minimal interference with the main focus of attention on the video stream.

中文翻译：

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通过事件相关电位（ERP）和振动（EROs）测量视频观看过程中的认知动态。

事件相关电位（ERP）和振动（EROs）是可靠的认知度量，但是它们需要时间锁定的脑电图（EEG）数据来重复触发，而这些连续触发在连续的感官输入流中不可用。但是，通过视频或虚拟现实环境进行的类似现实生活的刺激可能会成为创建特定认知或情感状态的有力手段，并有助于更有效地研究精神病和神经病的功能障碍。这项研究旨在开发一种在观看视频时生成ERP和ERO的方法。在短视频片段上引入了重复的亮度变化，同时记录了10个对象的脑电图。锁定这些失真的ERP / EROs会在时域和时频域中进行分析，并通过长期记忆测试（包括所观看视频的帧）来测试其认知意义。对于每个主题，比较了与召回图像的视频片段相对应的ERPs和EROs，这些图像的最短反应时间为25％，最长反应时间为25％。由瞬时亮度变化产生的ERPs在时域和时频域均显示出统计学上的显着波动。统计分析表明，约450 ms的正值，约500 ms的负值以及Delta和theta ERO与内存性能相关。很少有研究将视频流与同时具有独立任务相关或被动呈现的听觉或体感刺激的ERP / ERO实验同时进行，而本研究则