Microbial natural products have been one of the most important sources for the discovery of potential new antibiotics. However, the decline in the number of new chemical scaffolds discovered and the rediscovery problem of old known molecules has become a limitation for discovery programs developed by an industry confronted by a lack of incentives and a broken economic model. In contrast, the emergence of multidrug resistance in key pathogens has continued to progress and this issue is compounded by a lack of new antibiotics in development to address most of the difficult to treat infections. Advances in genome mining have confirmed the richness of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in the majority of microbial sources, and this suggests that an untapped chemical diversity is waiting to be discovered. The development of new genome engineering and synthetic biology tools, and the implementation of comparative omic approaches is fostering the development of new integrated culture-based strategies and genomic-driven approaches aimed at delivering new chemical classes of antibiotics.

中文翻译：

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天然产物的发现和开发新抗生素的潜力。

微生物天然产物一直是发现潜在新抗生素的最重要来源之一。然而，发现的新化学支架数量的下降和旧已知分子的重新发现问题已成为由缺乏动力和破碎的经济模型所面对的行业开发的发现程序的限制。相比之下，关键病原体对多药耐药性的出现仍在继续发展，并且由于缺乏开发新的抗生素来解决大多数难以治疗的感染，这一问题变得更加复杂。基因组挖掘的进展已经证实了大多数微生物来源中生物合成基因簇（BGC）的丰富性，这表明有待开发的未开发化学多样性。