Epilepsy is associated with numerous neurodevelopmental disorders. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex coupled with electromyography (EMG) enables biomarkers that provide measures of cortical excitation and inhibition that are particularly relevant to epilepsy and related disorders. The motor threshold (MT), cortical silent period (CSP), short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) are among TMS-derived metrics that are modulated by antiepileptic drugs. TMS may have a practical role in optimization of antiepileptic medication regimens, as studies demonstrate dose-dependent relationships between TMS metrics and acute medication administration. A close association between seizure freedom and normalization of cortical excitability with long-term antiepileptic drug use highlights a plausible utility of TMS in measures of anti-epileptic drug efficacy. Finally, TMS-derived biomarkers distinguish patients with various epilepsies from healthy controls and thus may enable development of disorder-specific biomarkers and therapies both within and outside of the epilepsy realm.

中文翻译：

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经癫痫运动皮层经颅磁刺激获得的生物标志物。

癫痫病与许多神经发育障碍有关。运动皮层的经颅磁刺激（TMS）结合肌电图（EMG）使生物标志物能够提供与癫痫和相关疾病特别相关的皮质兴奋和抑制措施。运动阈值（MT），皮质沉默期（CSP），短间隔皮质内抑制（SICI），皮质内促进（ICF）和长间隔皮质内抑制（LICI）都是由TMS衍生的指标，这些指标由抗癫痫药调节。TMS可能在优化抗癫痫药物治疗方案中起着实际作用，因为研究表明TMS指标与急性用药之间存在剂量依赖性关系。癫痫发作的自由度与皮质兴奋性正常化与长期使用抗癫痫药之间的密切联系凸显了TMS在抗癫痫药功效测量中的合理效用。最后，TMS衍生的生物标记物将患有各种癫痫病的患者与健康对照区分开来，因此可以在癫痫领域内外发展针对疾病的生物标记物和疗法。