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Can Signal Delay be Functional? Including Delay in Evolved Robot Controllers
Artificial Life ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-01 , DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00299
Matthew Egbert 1 , Andrew Keane 2 , Claire Postlethwaite 2 , Nelson Wong 2
Affiliation  

Engineers, control theorists, and neuroscientists often view the delay imposed by finite signal propagation velocities as a problem that needs to be compensated for or avoided. In this article, we consider the alternative possibility that in some cases, signal delay can be used functionally, that is, as an essential component of a cognitive system. To investigate this idea, we evolve a minimal robot controller to solve a basic stimulus-distinction task. The controller is constrained so that the solution must utilize a delayed recurrent signal. Different from previous evolutionary robotics studies, our controller is modeled using delay differential equations, which (unlike the ordinary differential equations of conventional continuous-time recurrent neural networks) can accurately capture delays in signal propagation. We analyze the evolved controller and its interaction with its environment using classical dynamical systems techniques. The analysis shows what kinds of invariant sets underlie the various successful and unsuccessful performances of the robot, and what kinds of bifurcations produce these invariant sets. In the second phase of our analysis, we turn our attention to the parameter θ, which describes the amount of signal delay included in the model. We show how the delay destabilizes certain attractors that would exist if there were no delay and creates other stable attractors, resulting in an agent that performs well at the target task.

中文翻译:

信号延迟能起作用吗?在进化的机器人控制器中包括延迟

工程师、控制理论家和神经科学家通常将有限信号传播速度造成的延迟视为需要补偿或避免的问题。在本文中,我们考虑了另一种可能性,即在某些情况下,信号延迟可以在功能上使用,即作为认知系统的重要组成部分。为了研究这个想法,我们开发了一个最小的机器人控制器来解决一个基本的刺激区分任务。控制器受到约束,因此解决方案必须使用延迟的循环信号。与之前的进化机器人研究不同,我们的控制器使用延迟微分方程建模,它(与传统的连续时间递归神经网络的常微分方程不同)可以准确地捕获信号传播中的延迟。我们使用经典的动力系统技术分析进化的控制器及其与环境的交互。分析显示了什么样的不变集是机器人各种成功和不成功表现的基础,以及什么样的分叉产生了这些不变集。在我们分析的第二阶段,我们将注意力转向参数 θ,它描述了模型中包含的信号延迟量。我们展示了延迟如何破坏在没有延迟的情况下会存在的某些吸引子并创建其他稳定的吸引子,从而使代理在目标任务上表现良好。以及什么样的分岔会产生这些不变集。在我们分析的第二阶段,我们将注意力转向参数 θ,它描述了模型中包含的信号延迟量。我们展示了延迟如何破坏在没有延迟的情况下会存在的某些吸引子并创建其他稳定的吸引子,从而使代理在目标任务上表现良好。以及什么样的分岔会产生这些不变集。在我们分析的第二阶段,我们将注意力转向参数 θ,它描述了模型中包含的信号延迟量。我们展示了延迟如何破坏在没有延迟的情况下会存在的某些吸引子并创建其他稳定的吸引子,从而导致代理在目标任务上表现良好。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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