The history of antibiotic use in the clinic is one of initial efficacy followed inevitably by the emergence of resistance. Often this resistance is the result of the capture and mobilization of genes that have their origins in environmental reservoirs. Both antibiotic production and resistance are ancient and widely distributed among microbes in the environment. This deep reservoir of resistance offers the opportunity for gene flow into susceptible disease-causing bacteria. Not all resistance genes are equally successfully mobilized, and some dominate in the clinic. The differences and similarities in resistance mechanisms and associated genes among environments reveal a complex interplay between gene capture and mobilization that requires study of gene diversity and gene product function to fully understand the breadth and depth of resistance and the risk to human health.

中文翻译：

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环境和临床的抗生素抗药性相同，只是不同。

临床上使用抗生素的历史是最初的疗效之一，其后不可避免地会产生耐药性。通常，这种抗性是源于环境水库的基因被捕获和动员的结果。抗生素的产生和耐药性都是古老的，并且广泛分布在环境中的微生物之间。这种深层的抗药性为基因流入易感疾病的细菌提供了机会。并非所有抗性基因都能同样成功地动员，有些在临床上占主导地位。