Invasive ambrosia beetles are among the most economically important pests of forest and plantation trees world-wide. The development of effective management guidelines for these pests in plantations of high-value hardwood species is hindered by a lack of baseline information regarding their seasonal abundance and dispersal behavior. By analyzing long-term monitoring data from intensively-managed plantations of eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) in north-central Indiana, we identified key spatial and climatic variables that could improve the timing and precision of management actions to reduce ambrosia beetle populations. We also used geospatial analyses to compare species-specific spatial patterns of population density and evaluate the sensitivity of the trap density deployed in our long-term monitoring efforts. Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg and Xylosandrus crassiusculus Matschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were more abundant during the spring in years preceded by a hot, dry growing season, and cold winter. Both species were positively associated with plantation edges during the fall flight period. However, X. saxesenii was less abundant in plantations close to forest corridors, whereas X. crassiusculus was more abundant in plantations closer to woodlots and other walnut plantations. Geospatial analysis revealed X. crassiusculus is active in larger, more spatially continuous patches than X. saxesenii, and that 200-m trap spacing is likely to be sufficient to detect both species in the spring flight period but may be insufficient to detect X. saxesenii during the fall flight period. Our findings underscore the power and utility of long-term monitoring to improve management strategies.

中文翻译：

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空间和气候因素影响东部黑胡桃集约化人工林中的萤火虫甲虫（鞘翅目：Curculionidae）的丰度。

入侵性甲虫是全世界森林和人工林中最重要的经济害虫之一。由于缺乏有关其季节性丰度和扩散行为的基准信息，阻碍了在高价值硬木树种人工林中针对这些害虫的有效管理准则的制定。通过分析印第安那州中北部东部黑胡桃（Juglans nigra L.）的集约经营林的长期监测数据，我们确定了关键的空间和气候变量，这些变量可以改善管理行动的时间安排和精度，以减少甲虫的数量。 。我们还使用地理空间分析来比较特定物种的种群密度空间格局，并评估在我们的长期监测工作中部署的圈闭密度的敏感性。春季，在炎热，干燥的生长季节和寒冷的冬季之前，春季的春季木耳沙门氏菌（Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg）和油菜木糖草（Xylosandrus crassiusculus Matschulsky）（Coleoptera：Curculionidae）更为丰富。在秋季飞行期间，这两个物种均与人工林边缘呈正相关。但是，在靠近森林走廊的人工林中，萨克斯木不那么丰富，而在靠近林地和其他胡桃木人工林中的景天科则更丰富。地理空间分析显示，比X. saxesenii大，X。crassiusculus在较大，空间上连续的斑块中活动，并且200 m的圈套间距可能足以在春季飞行期间检测到这两个物种，但可能不足以检测到X. saxesenii。在秋季飞行期间。