The thiol (-SH) functional group is found in a number of drug compounds and confers a unique combination of useful properties. Thiol-containing drugs can reduce radicals and other toxic electrophiles, restore cellular thiol pools, and form stable complexes with heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, and copper. Thus, thiols can treat a variety of conditions by serving as radical scavengers, GSH prodrugs, or metal chelators. Many of the compounds discussed here have been in use for decades, yet continued exploration of their properties has yielded new understanding in recent years, which can be used to optimize their clinical application and provide insights into the development of new treatments. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight the biochemistry of currently used thiol drugs within the context of developments reported in the last five years. More specifically, this review focuses on thiol drugs that represent the standard of care for their associated conditions, including N-acetylcysteine, 2,3-meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid, British anti-Lewisite, D-penicillamine, amifostine, and others. Reports of novel dosing regimens, delivery strategies, and clinical applications for these compounds were examined with an eye toward emerging approaches to address a wide range of medical conditions in the future.

中文翻译：

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药用硫醇：现状和新观点。

硫醇（-SH）官能团存在于许多药物化合物中，并具有有用特性的独特组合。含硫醇的药物可以减少自由基和其他有毒的亲电试剂，恢复细胞硫醇池，并与重金属（例如铅，砷和铜）形成稳定的络合物。因此，硫醇可以用作自由基清除剂，GSH前药或金属螯合剂，从而治疗各种疾病。本文讨论的许多化合物已经使用了数十年，但近年来对其性质的不断探索产生了新的认识，可用于优化其临床应用并提供新疗法开发的见识。这篇叙述性综述的目的是在最近五年所报告的发展情况下，突出当前使用的硫醇药物的生物化学。更具体地说，本综述着重于代表针对其相关病症的护理标准的硫醇药物，包括N-乙酰半胱氨酸，2,3-间-二巯基琥珀酸，英国抗路易斯碱，D-青霉胺，氨磷汀等。审查了针对这些化合物的新型给药方案，给药策略和临床应用的报告，以期着眼于新兴的方法，以解决未来广泛的医疗条件。D-青霉胺，氨磷汀等。审查了针对这些化合物的新型给药方案，给药策略和临床应用的报告，以期着眼于新兴的方法，以解决未来广泛的医疗条件。D-青霉胺，氨磷汀等。审查了针对这些化合物的新型给药方案，给药策略和临床应用的报告，以期着眼于新兴的方法，以解决未来广泛的医疗条件。