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An emerging threat of ceftriaxone-resistant non-typhoidal salmonella in South India: Incidence and molecular profile.
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 , DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_19_300
Agila Kumari Pragasam 1 , Shalini Anandan 1 , James John 1 , Ayyanraj Neeravi 1 , Vignesh Narasimman 1 , Dhiviya Prabaa Muthuirulandi Sethuvel 1 , Divyaa Elangovan 1 , Balaji Veeraraghavan 1
Affiliation  

Background Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection is a serious public health problem globally. Although NTS infections are self-limited, antimicrobial therapy is recommended for severe infections and immunocompromised patients. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in these pathogens further limits its therapeutic options. Here, we report an incidence of ceftriaxone resistance in NTS over the past 9 years in a southern Indian region. Materials and Methods Molecular mechanisms of resistance in ceftriaxone-resistant NTS have been tested by both phenotypic and molecular methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by the E-test and broth microdilution method. AMR gene markers of β-lactamases such as AmpCs (blaMOX, blaCMY, blaDHA, blaFOX, blaACC and blaACT) and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) (blaSHV, blaTEM, blaVEB, blaPER, blaCTXM-1like,blaCTXM-2like, blaCTXM-8like, blaCTXM-9like and blaCTXM-25like) were screened. The presence of IncH12 and IncI1 plasmid was also analysed. Results The study reports a 5% prevalence of ceftriaxone resistance in NTS. The most common serogroup was Salmonella Group B followed by Salmonella Group E and Salmonella group C1/C2. The occurrence of blaCTX-M-1, blaTEM, blaCMY and blaSHV genes was observed in 54%, 54%, 48% and 3% of the isolates, respectively. Interestingly, few isolates carried dual resistance genes (ESBLs and AmpCs). IncH12 and IncI1 plasmid was identified in isolates carrying ESBL and AmpC genes, respectively. Conclusion This study shows that ceftriaxone resistance is mainly mediated by β-lactamases such as ESBL and AmpC. As the incidence of ceftriaxone resistance is rising gradually over the years, it is imperative to monitor the AMR in this species.

中文翻译:

印度南部抗头孢曲松非伤寒沙门氏菌的新威胁:发病率和分子概况。

背景 非伤寒沙门氏菌(NTS)感染是全球严重的公共卫生问题。尽管 NTS 感染具有自限性,但建议对严重感染和免疫功能低下的患者进行抗菌治疗。这些病原体的抗菌素耐药性(AMR)进一步限制了其治疗选择。在这里,我们报告了过去 9 年印度南部地区 NTS 中头孢曲松耐药的发生率。材料和方法 头孢曲松耐药 NTS 的耐药分子机制已通过表型和分子方法进行了测试。最低抑菌浓度通过E-测试和肉汤微量稀释法测定。β-内酰胺酶的 AMR 基因标记,例如 AmpC(blaMOX、blaCMY、blaDHA、blaFOX、blaACC 和 blaACT)和超广谱 β-内酰胺酶 (ESBL)(blaSHV、blaTEM、blaVEB、blaPER、blaCTXM-1like、blaCTXM-2like、筛选了 blaCTXM-8like、blaCTXM-9like 和 blaCTXM-25like)。还分析了 IncH12 和 IncI1 质粒的存在。结果 研究报告 NTS 中头孢曲松耐药率为 5%。最常见的血清群是沙门氏菌 B 组,其次是沙门氏菌 E 组和沙门氏菌 C1/C2 组。blaCTX-M-1、blaTEM、blaCMY 和 blaSHV 基因的出现率分别为 54%、54%、48% 和 3%。有趣的是,很少有分离株携带双重抗性基因(ESBL 和 AmpC)。在分别携带 ESBL 和 AmpC 基因的分离株中鉴定出 IncH12 和 IncI1 质粒。结论本研究表明头孢曲松耐药主要是由ESBL和AmpC等β-内酰胺酶介导的。随着头孢曲松耐药率逐年上升,监测该物种的抗菌素耐药性势在必行。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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