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Weighing People Rather Than Food: A Framework for Examining External Validity.
Perspectives on Psychological Science ( IF 12.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-19 , DOI: 10.1177/1745691619876279
Caitlin M Loyka 1 , John Ruscio 1 , Andrew B Edelblum 1 , Lindsey Hatch 1 , Brittany Wetreich 1 , Amanda Zabel 1
Affiliation  

Research training in psychological science emphasizes common threats to internal validity, with no comparably systematic or rigorous treatment of external validity. Trade-offs between internal and external validity are well known in some areas (e.g., efficacy vs. effectiveness studies in clinical psychology), less so in others (e.g., forensic research on eyewitness identification, false memories, or confessions). We present a framework for examining external validity grounded in four domains-populations, settings, outcomes, and timeframes-that can be used to enhance the generalizability of findings. We discuss this framework and then illustrate its use by reviewing mindless eating interventions intended to help people lose weight. Research in this published literature seldom samples from appropriate populations (e.g., overweight or obese individuals) or measures appropriate outcomes (e.g., weight change) in appropriate settings (e.g., the home) over appropriate timeframes (e.g., sustained interventions with follow-up) to determine whether practical advice is empirically supported. In their applied work, we encourage psychological scientists to design studies, analyze data, and report findings with greater attention to external validity to demonstrate, rather than assume, the generalizability of findings to the intended populations, settings, outcomes, and timeframes. Editors and reviewers can hold investigators accountable for doing so.

中文翻译:

重于人而不是食物:检验外部有效性的框架。

心理科学方面的研究培训强调对内部有效性的普遍威胁,没有相对系统或严格的外部有效性处理方法。内部有效性和外部有效性之间的权衡在某些领域(例如,临床心理学中的功效与功效研究)是众所周知的,而在其他领域(例如,关于目击者识别,错误记忆或供认的法医研究)则较少。我们提供了一个检查外部有效性的框架,该框架基于四个方面(人口,环境,结果和时间表),可用于增强调查结果的一般性。我们讨论了这个框架,然后通过回顾旨在帮助人们减肥的无意识饮食干预来说明其使用方法。此出版文献中的研究很少从适当人群中取样(例如,超重或肥胖的个体)或在适当的时间范围内(例如,持续的随访干预)在适当的环境(例如,家庭)中测量适当的结局(例如,体重变化),以确定是否有实践依据。在他们的应用工作中,我们鼓励心理学家设计研究,分析数据并报告研究结果,同时更加关注外部有效性,以证明(而不是假设)研究结果对预期人群,背景,结果和时间表的普遍性。编辑和审稿人可以要求调查人员为此承担责任。持续干预和后续行动),以确定是否有经验地支持实际建议。在他们的应用工作中,我们鼓励心理学家设计研究,分析数据并报告研究结果,同时更加关注外部有效性,以证明(而不是假设)研究结果对预期人群,背景,结果和时间表的普遍性。编辑和审稿人可以要求调查人员为此承担责任。持续干预和后续行动),以确定是否有经验地支持实际建议。在他们的应用工作中,我们鼓励心理学家设计研究,分析数据并报告研究结果,同时更加关注外部有效性,以证明(而不是假设)研究结果对预期人群,背景,结果和时间表的普遍性。编辑和审稿人可以要求调查人员为此承担责任。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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