This study used voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping to examine the cortical and white matter regions associated with language production impairments in a sample of 63 preoperative tumour patients. We identified four cognitive functions considered crucial for spoken language production: semantic-to-lexical mapping (selecting the appropriate lexical label for the intended concept); phonological encoding (retrieving the word's phonological form); articulatory-motor planning (programming the articulatory motor movements); and goal-driven language selection (exerting top-down control over the words selected for production). Each participant received a score estimating their competence on each function. We then mapped the region(s) where pathology was significantly associated with low scores. For semantic-to-lexical mapping, the critical map encompassed portions of the left posterior middle and inferior temporal gyri, extending into posterior fusiform gyrus, overlapping substantially with the territory of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus. For phonological encoding, the map encompassed the left inferior parietal lobe and posterior middle temporal gyrus, overlapping with the territory of the inferior longitudinal and posterior arcuate fasciculi. For articulatory-motor planning, the map encompassed parts of the left frontal pole, frontal operculum, and inferior frontal gyrus, and overlapped with the territory of the frontal aslant tract. Finally, the map for goal-driven language selection encompassed the left frontal pole and the anterior cingulate cortex. We compare our findings with those from other neuropsychological samples, and conclude that the study of tumour patients offers evidence that complements that available from other populations.

中文翻译：

---

映射雄辩皮层：基于体素的脑肿瘤患者核心言语产生能力的病变症状映射研究

本研究使用基于体素的病变症状映射来检查 63 名术前肿瘤患者样本中与语言产生障碍相关的皮质和白质区域。我们确定了四种被认为对口语产生至关重要的认知功能：语义到词汇映射（为预期概念选择适当的词汇标签）；语音编码（检索单词的语音形式）；关节运动规划（对关节运动进行编程）；和目标驱动的语言选择（对选择用于生产的单词进行自上而下的控制）。每个参与者都会收到一个分数，以评估他们在每个功能上的能力。然后我们绘制了病理与低分显着相关的区域。对于语义到词法的映射，临界图包括左后中回和颞下回的部分，延伸到梭状回后回，与下纵束的区域基本重叠。对于语音编码，该地图包括左下顶叶和后颞中回，与下纵束和后弓状束的领土重叠。对于关节运动规划，地图包括左额极、额叶盖和额下回的部分，并与额叶斜束的领土重叠。最后，目标驱动的语言选择地图包括左额极和前扣带回皮层。我们将我们的发现与其他神经心理学样本的结果进行比较，