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Epigenetic Coactivation of MAGEA6 and CT-GABRA3 Defines Orientation of a Segmental Duplication in the Human X Chromosome
Cytogenetic and Genome Research ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 , DOI: 10.1159/000502933
Jean S. Fain , Aurélie Van Tongelen , Axelle Loriot , Charles De Smet

The human genome harbors many duplicated segments, which sometimes show very high sequence identity. This may complicate assignment during genome assembly. One such example is in Xq28, where the arrangement of 2 recently duplicated segments varies between genome assembly versions. The duplicated segments comprise highly similar genes, including MAGEA3 and MAGEA6, which display specific expression in testicular germline cells, and also become aberrantly activated in a variety of tumors. Recently, a new gene was identified, CT-GABRA3, the transcription of which initiates inside the segmental duplication but extends far outside. According to the latest genome annotation, CT- GABRA3 starts near MAGEA3, with which it shares a bidirectional promoter. In an earlier annotation, however, the duplicated segment was positioned in the opposite orientation, and CT-GABRA3 was instead coupled with MAGEA6. To resolve this discrepancy, and based on the contention that genes connected by a bidirectional promoter are almost always co-expressed, we decided to compare the expression profiles of CT-GABRA3, MAGEA3, and MAGEA6. We found that in tumor tissues and cell lines of different origins, the expression of CT-GABRA3 was better correlated with that of MAGEA6. Moreover, in a cellular model of experimental induction with a DNA demethylation agent, activation CT-GABRA3 was associated with that of MAGEA6, but not with that of MAGEA3. Together these results support a connection between CT-GABRA3 and MAGEA6 and illustrate how promoter-sharing genes can be exploited to resolve genome assembly uncertainties.

中文翻译:

MAGEA6CT-GABRA3 的表观遗传共激活定义了人类 X 染色体中节段重复的方向

人类基因组包含许多重复的片段,有时显示出非常高的序列同一性。这可能会使基因组组装过程中的分配复杂化。一个这样的例子是在 Xq28 中,其中 2 个最近复制的片段的排列在基因组组装版本之间有所不同。复制的片段包含高度相似的基因,包括 MAGEA3 和 MAGEA6,它们在睾丸生殖细胞中表现出特异性表达,并且在各种肿瘤中也异常激活。最近,鉴定了一个新基因 CT-GABRA3,其转录在节段复制内部启动,但延伸到外部。根据最新的基因组注释,CT-GABRA3 开始于 MAGEA3 附近,与 MAGEA3 共享一个双向启动子。然而,在较早的注释中,复制的线段位于相反的方向,而 CT-GABRA3 则与 MAGEA6 结合。为了解决这种差异,并且基于由双向启动子连接的基因几乎总是共表达的论点,我们决定比较 CT-GABRA3、MAGEA3 和 MAGEA6 的表达谱。我们发现在不同来源的肿瘤组织和细胞系中,CT-GABRA3的表达与MAGEA6的相关性更好。此外,在用 DNA 去甲基化剂进行实验诱导的细胞模型中,激活 CT-GABRA3 与 MAGEA6 的激活相关,但与 MAGEA3 的激活无关。这些结果共同支持 CT-GABRA3 和 MAGEA6 之间的联系,并说明了如何利用启动子共享基因来解决基因组组装的不确定性。基于由双向启动子连接的基因几乎总是共表达的论点,我们决定比较 CT-GABRA3、MAGEA3 和 MAGEA6 的表达谱。我们发现在不同来源的肿瘤组织和细胞系中,CT-GABRA3的表达与MAGEA6的相关性更好。此外,在用 DNA 去甲基化剂进行实验诱导的细胞模型中,激活 CT-GABRA3 与 MAGEA6 的激活相关,但与 MAGEA3 的激活无关。这些结果共同支持 CT-GABRA3 和 MAGEA6 之间的联系,并说明了如何利用启动子共享基因来解决基因组组装的不确定性。基于由双向启动子连接的基因几乎总是共表达的论点,我们决定比较 CT-GABRA3、MAGEA3 和 MAGEA6 的表达谱。我们发现在不同来源的肿瘤组织和细胞系中,CT-GABRA3的表达与MAGEA6的相关性更好。此外,在用 DNA 去甲基化剂进行实验诱导的细胞模型中,激活 CT-GABRA3 与 MAGEA6 的激活相关,但与 MAGEA3 的激活无关。这些结果共同支持 CT-GABRA3 和 MAGEA6 之间的联系,并说明了如何利用启动子共享基因来解决基因组组装的不确定性。我们发现在不同来源的肿瘤组织和细胞系中,CT-GABRA3的表达与MAGEA6的相关性更好。此外,在用 DNA 去甲基化剂进行实验诱导的细胞模型中,激活 CT-GABRA3 与 MAGEA6 的激活相关,但与 MAGEA3 的激活无关。这些结果共同支持 CT-GABRA3 和 MAGEA6 之间的联系,并说明了如何利用启动子共享基因来解决基因组组装的不确定性。我们发现在不同来源的肿瘤组织和细胞系中,CT-GABRA3的表达与MAGEA6的相关性更好。此外,在用 DNA 去甲基化剂进行实验诱导的细胞模型中,激活 CT-GABRA3 与 MAGEA6 的激活相关,但与 MAGEA3 的激活无关。这些结果共同支持 CT-GABRA3 和 MAGEA6 之间的联系,并说明了如何利用启动子共享基因来解决基因组组装的不确定性。
更新日期:2019-01-01
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