SUMOylation is an essential post-translational modification that affects several cellular processes, from gene replication to stress response. Studies using the SUMO (de)conjugation machinery have provided evidence regarding its potential to improve crop performance and productivity under normal and adverse conditions. However, the pleiotropic effect of SUMOylation can be a disadvantage in both situations, especially when considering unpredictable environmental conditions caused by climate changes. Here, we discuss the pleiotropic effects caused by disrupting the SUMOylation machinery, and new strategies that may help to overcome pleiotropy. We propose exploring the several regulatory levels of SUMOylation recently revealed, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional regulation by alternative splicing, and post-translational modifications. These new findings may provide valuable tools to increase crop productivity.

中文翻译：

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探索SUMOylation的监管水平，以提高农作物的生产力。

SUMOylation是必不可少的翻译后修饰，可影响从基因复制到应激反应等多个细胞过程。使用SUMO（去偶联）机制的研究提供了有关其在正常和不利条件下改善作物生长性能和生产力的潜力的证据。但是，SUMOylation的多效性作用在两种情况下都是不利的，尤其是考虑到气候变化导致的不可预测的环境条件时。在这里，我们讨论了由破坏SUMOylation机制引起的多效性效应，以及可能有助于克服多效性的新策略。我们建议探索最近揭示的SUMOylation的几种调节水平，包括转录，通过其他剪接进行的转录后调节以及翻译后修饰。