Silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels have been engineered as universal substrates for various tissue regenerations and drug delivery. Although different physical and chemical crosslinking strategies are developed to form SF hydrogels with suitable performances, a significant gap remains to match specific requirements of various tissues. Here, amorphous SF nanofibers with more tyrosine residues outside the surfaces are used to replace traditional SF. Under the same crosslinking conditions, the use of amorphous SF nanofibers results in tougher properties, four times higher stiffness than that from traditional SF solutions. Unlike previous SF hydrogels, the SF nanofiber hydrogels show high tunability in wide modulus range of 0.6–160 kPa under low SF concentrations (below 5 wt%), showing improved mechanical match with various soft tissues. Better stability and cytocompatibility are also achieved, further confirming the superiority of the hydrogels as the tissue substrates. Therefore, a feasible strategy is developed to optimize the performances of SF hydrogel via tuning the nano‐structural state in aqueous solutions, which will enrich SF‐based hydrogel family in future.

中文翻译：

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具有增强的机械性能的非晶态丝素蛋白纳米纤维水凝胶。

丝素蛋白（SF）水凝胶已被设计为多种组织再生和药物输送的通用底物。尽管开发了不同的物理和化学交联策略以形成具有适当性能的SF水凝胶，但仍存在很大的差距以匹配各种组织的特定要求。在这里，表面外有更多酪氨酸残基的无定形SF纳米纤维被用来代替传统的SF。在相同的交联条件下，使用无定形SF纳米纤维会产生更坚韧的性能，其刚度是传统SF溶液的四倍。与以前的SF水凝胶不同，SF纳米纤维水凝胶在低SF浓度（低于5 wt％）下在0.6-160 kPa的宽模量范围内显示出高可调性，显示出与各种软组织的机械匹配性得到改善。还获得了更好的稳定性和细胞相容性，进一步证实了水凝胶作为组织底物的优越性。因此，开发了一种可行的策略，通过调节水溶液中的纳米结构状态来优化SF水凝胶的性能，这将在将来丰富基于SF的水凝胶家族。