Host social interactions can provide multiple complex pathways for microbial transmission. Here, we suggest non-human primates as models to study the social transmission of commensal or mutualistic microbes due to their high sociality, wide range of group compositions and dominance structures, and diverse group interactions. Microbial sharing from social interactions can positively impact host health by promoting microbial diversity and influencing immunity. Microbes may also drive their own transmission by shaping host behavior, which could lead to fitness benefits for both microbes and hosts. Variation in patterns of social interactions at both the individual and group scale make non-human primates an ideal system to explore the relationship between social behavior, microbial sharing, and their impact on host health and evolution.

中文翻译：

---

利用非人类的灵长类动物探索微生物的社会传播。

宿主社交互动可以为微生物传播提供多种复杂的途径。在这里，我们建议非人类灵长类动物作为模型来研究共生或互惠微生物的社会传播，因为它们具有很高的社会性，广泛的群体组成和主导结构以及多样化的群体相互作用。社会互动中的微生物共享可通过促进微生物多样性和影响免疫力来积极影响宿主健康。微生物还可以通过改变宿主的行为来驱动自身的传播，这可能导致微生物和宿主的健康受益。无论是个体还是群体，社会互动模式的变化都使非人类灵长类动物成为探索社会行为，微生物共享及其对宿主健康和进化影响的理想系统。