Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder of unknown aetiology for which there is no effective treatment. Although IBS does not increase mortality, it reduces the quality of life and is an economic burden to both the patients themselves and society as a whole. Peptide YY (PYY) is localized in endocrine cells located in the ileum, colon and rectum. The concentration of PYY and the density of PYY cells are decreased in both the colon and rectum but unchanged in the ileum of patients with IBS. The low density of PYY cells in the large intestine may be caused by a decreased number of stem cells and their progeny toward endocrine cells. PYY regulates the intestinal motility, secretion and absorption as well as visceral sensitivity via modulating serotonin release. An abnormality in PYY may therefore contribute to the intestinal dysmotility and visceral hypersensitivity seen in IBS patients. Diet management involving consuming a low-FODMAP diet restores the density of PYY cells in the large intestine and improves abdominal symptoms in patients with IBS. This review shows that diet management appears to be a valuable tool for correcting the PYY abnormalities in the large intestine of IBS patients in the clinic.

中文翻译：

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肽 YY (PYY) 在肠易激综合征 (IBS) 的病理生理学中的可能作用

肠易激综合征 (IBS) 是一种常见的胃肠道疾病，病因不明，尚无有效治疗方法。虽然 IBS 不会增加死亡率，但它会降低生活质量，并且对患者本身和整个社会都是一种经济负担。肽 YY (PYY) 位于回肠、结肠和直肠的内分泌细胞中。IBS 患者结肠和直肠中 PYY 的浓度和 PYY 细胞密度均降低，但在回肠中没有变化。大肠中 PYY 细胞的低密度可能是由于干细胞及其后代向内分泌细胞的数量减少所致。PYY 通过调节血清素释放来调节肠道运动、分泌和吸收以及内脏敏感性。因此，PYY 的异常可能导致 IBS 患者出现肠道运动障碍和内脏超敏反应。饮食管理涉及消耗低 FODMAP 饮食，可恢复大肠中 PYY 细胞的密度，并改善 IBS 患者的腹部症状。本综述表明，饮食管理似乎是纠正临床 IBS 患者大肠 PYY 异常的宝贵工具。