The study aimed to assess response of juvenile progeny of seven forest tree species, Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pendula, Alnus glutinosa, Populus tremula, Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior, and their populations to different combinations of climate change-related multiple stressors, simulated in a phytotron under elevated CO2 concentration: (1) heat + elevated humidity (HW); (2) heat + frost + drought (HFD); (3) heat + elevated humidity + increased UV-B radiation doses + elevated ozone concentration (HWUO); and (4) heat + frost + drought + increased UV-B radiation doses + elevated ozone concentration (HFDUO). Effects of the complex treatments, species and species-by-treatment interaction were highly significant in most of the growth, physiological and biochemical traits studied, indicating general and species-specific responses to the applied treatments. For deciduous trees, height increment was much higher under HW treatment than in ambient conditions (control) indicating a positive effect of elevated temperature and better water and CO2 availability. HFD treatment caused reduction of height increment in comparison to HW treatment in most species except for Q. robur and F. excelsior which benefited from lower humidity. Treatments HWUO and HFDUO have caused substantial damages to leaves in fast growing deciduous P. tremula, A. glutinosa and B. pendula, and resulted in their lower height increment than in HW treatment, although it was the same or even higher than that in the control. Rates of photosynthesis in most of the tree species were greatest in HFD treatment. A lower photosynthetic rate (compared to control) was observed in B. pendula, P. tremula and F. excelsior in HW treatment, and in most species-in HWUO treatment. Compared to control, intrinsic water use efficiency in all treatments was significantly lower in P. tremula, A. glutinosa and F. excelsior and higher in conifers P. sylvestris and P. abies. Significant population-by-treatment interactions found for most traits showed variation in response of populations, implying that this reflects adaptive potential of each tree species. The observed responses may not always be considered as adaptive as deteriorating growth of some populations or species may lead to loss of their competitiveness thus compromising regeneration and natural successions.

中文翻译：

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七个林木种及其种群的幼体对模拟气候变化相关压力源不同组合的响应：春季霜冻，高温，干旱，二氧化碳含量升高时紫外线辐射和臭氧浓度增加。

这项研究旨在评估七个林木物种（樟子松，云杉，云杉，桦木、,木，毛杨、,、栎和水曲柳）的幼后代及其种群对气候变化相关多重胁迫的不同组合的反应，在高浓度CO2的光气加速器中模拟：（1）热量+湿度（HW）；（2）高温+霜冻+干旱（HFD）；（3）热量+湿度升高+ UV-B辐射剂量增加+臭氧浓度（HWUO）升高；（4）高温+霜冻+干旱+ UV-B辐射剂量增加+臭氧浓度（HFDUO）升高。在研究的大多数生长，生理和生化特性中，复杂处理，物种和物种之间相互作用的影响非常显着，表明对所应用处理的一般性和物种特异性反应。对于落叶乔木，HW处理后的高度增量比周围环境（对照）高得多，这表明升高温度以及改善水和CO2的利用率具有积极作用。与HW处理相比，HFD处理导致大多数物种的身高增加减少，除了罗伯氏菌和卓越的F. excelsior受益于较低的湿度。HWUO和HFDUO处理对快速生长的落叶银耳，谷粉和B. pendula的叶片造成了实质性损害，尽管高度相同或什至高于HWU处理，但它们的高度增量却低于HWU处理。控制。在HFD处理中，大多数树种的光合作用速率最大。在HW处理中以及在大多数物种中，在HWUO处理中，在B. pendula，P。tremula和F. excelsior中观察到较低的光合速率（与对照相比）。与对照相比，在所有处理中，内生水分利用效率在金银假单胞菌，谷氨酸假单胞菌和F.excelsior中均显着较低，而在针叶树种P. sylvestris和P. abies中则较高。在大多数性状上发现的显着的种群间相互作用表明种群的反应存在差异，这表明这反映了每种树种的适应潜力。观察到的反应可能并不总是被认为是适应性的，因为某些种群或物种的生长恶化可能会导致其竞争力丧失，从而损害再生和自然演替。与对照相比，在所有处理中，内生水分利用效率在金银假单胞菌，谷氨酸假单胞菌和F.excelsior中均显着较低，而在针叶树种P. sylvestris和P. abies中则较高。在大多数性状上发现的显着的种群间相互作用表明种群的反应存在差异，这表明这反映了每种树种的适应潜力。观察到的反应可能并不总是被认为是适应性的，因为某些种群或物种的生长恶化可能会导致其竞争力丧失，从而损害再生和自然演替。与对照相比，在所有处理中，内生水分利用效率在金银假单胞菌，谷氨酸假单胞菌和F.excelsior中均显着较低，而在针叶树种P. sylvestris和P. abies中则较高。在大多数性状上发现的显着的种群间相互作用表明种群的反应存在差异，这表明这反映了每种树种的适应潜力。观察到的反应可能并不总是被认为是适应性的，因为某些种群或物种的生长恶化可能会导致其竞争力丧失，从而损害再生和自然演替。在大多数性状上发现的显着的种群间相互作用表明种群的反应存在差异，这表明这反映了每种树种的适应潜力。观察到的反应可能并不总是被认为是适应性的，因为某些种群或物种的生长恶化可能会导致其竞争力丧失，从而损害再生和自然演替。在大多数性状上发现的显着的种群间相互作用表明种群的反应存在差异，这表明这反映了每种树种的适应潜力。观察到的反应可能并不总是被认为是适应性的，因为某些种群或物种的生长恶化可能会导致其竞争力丧失，从而损害再生和自然演替。