The choice of tree species used in production forests matters for biodiversity and ecosystem services. In Sweden, damage to young production forests by large browsing herbivores is helping to drive a development where sites traditionally regenerated with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are instead being regenerated with Norway spruce (Picea abies). We provide a condensed synthesis of the available evidence regarding the likely resultant implications for forest biodiversity and ecosystem services from this change in tree species. Apart from some benefits (e.g. reduced stand-level browsing damage), we identified a range of negative outcomes for biodiversity, production, esthetic and recreational values, as well as increased stand vulnerability to storm, frost, and drought damage, and potentially higher risks of pest and pathogen outbreak. Our results are directly relevant to forest owners and policy-makers seeking information regarding the uncertainties, risks, and trade-offs likely to result from changing the tree species in production forests.

中文翻译：

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树木很重要：用挪威云杉代替苏格兰松树的生产对生物多样性和生态系统服务的影响。

生产林中使用的树种的选择对生物多样性和生态系统服务至关重要。在瑞典，大量浏览的食草动物对年轻的生产林造成的破坏正在帮助推动开发，而传统上用苏格兰松树（Pinus sylvestris）进行更新的地点则用挪威云杉（Picea abies）进行了更新。）。我们提供了有关树种变化对森林生物多样性和生态系统服务可能产生的潜在影响的现有证据的简明综合。除了一些好处（例如，减少看台上的浏览损伤）之外，我们还发现了一系列不利于生物多样性，生产，审美和娱乐价值的结果，以及更易遭受风暴，霜冻和干旱破坏的林分脆弱性以及潜在的更高风险病虫害爆发。我们的结果与森林所有者和决策者直接相关，他们寻求有关不确定性，风险和权衡取舍的信息，这些不确定性，风险和权衡取舍可能是由于改变生产林中的树木种类而引起的。