The striatum is an essential component of the basal ganglia that regulatessensory processing, motor, cognition, and behavior. Depending on the species, the striatum shows a unique structure called caudate–putamen as in mice, or its separation into two regions called caudate and lenticular nuclei, the latter formed by putamen and globus pallidus areas, as in primates. These structures have two compartments, striosome and matrix. We investigated the structural organization, GABAergic and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the striatum and globus pallidus of the South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus. Its striatum showed regionalization arising from the presence of an internal capsule, and a similar organization to a striosome–matrix compartmentalization. GABAergic neurons in the matrix of caudate exhibited parvalbumin, calretinin, calbindin, GAD65, and NADPH-d-immunoreactivity. These were also expressed in cells of the putamen with the exception of calretinin showing neurofibers localization. Globus pallidus showed parvalbumin- and GAD65-immunoreactive cells, and calretinin- and calbindin-immunoreactive neuropil, plus GABA-A-immunoreactive neurofibers. NADPH-d-, GAD65- and GABA-A-immunoreactive neurons were larger than parvalbumin-, calretinin-, and calbindin-immunoreactive cells, whereas calbindin-immunoreactive cells were the most abundant. In addition, TH-immunoreactive neuropil was observed in the matrix of the striatum. A significant larger TH-immunoreactive area and neuron number was found in females compared to males. The presence of an internal capsule suggests an adaptive advantage concerning motor and cognitive abilities favoring reaction time in response to predators. In an anatomy-evolutive perspective, the striatum of vizcacha seems to be closer to that of humans than to that of laboratory traditional models such as mouse.

中文翻译：

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结构组织，GABA能和酪氨酸羟化酶表达在南美平原vizcacha，Lagostomus maximus（Rodentia，Caviomorpha）的纹状体和苍白球中。

纹状体是调节感觉过程，运动，认知和行为的基底神经节的重要组成部分。根据不同的物种，纹状体在小鼠中显示出一种独特的结构，称为尾状-丘脑，或者将其分成两个区域，称为尾状和双凸状核，后者由壳状和苍白球状区域形成，就像在灵长类中一样。这些结构有两个区室，脂质体和基质。我们调查了南美平原比斯卡恰，最大的鼠兔的纹状体和苍白球的结构组织，GABA能和酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）的表达。它的纹状体显示出由于内囊的存在而引起的区域化，并且与纹状体-基质的分隔相似。尾状体中的GABA能神经元表现出小白蛋白，钙网蛋白，钙结合蛋白，GAD65和NADPH-d免疫反应性。除了钙维蛋白显示神经纤维定位外，这些蛋白还在壳蛋白的细胞中表达。苍白球显示了小白蛋白和GAD65免疫反应性细胞，钙网蛋白和钙结合蛋白免疫反应性神经纤维，以及GABA-A免疫反应性神经纤维。NADPH-d-，GAD65-和GABA-A免疫反应性神经元大于小白蛋白，钙调蛋白和钙结合蛋白免疫反应性细胞，而钙结合蛋白免疫反应性细胞最多。另外，在纹状体的基质中观察到TH-免疫反应性神经药。与男性相比，女性的TH免疫反应面积和神经元数量明显增加。内囊的存在暗示了关于运动和认知能力的适应性优势，有利于响应天敌的反应时间。从解剖学发展的角度来看，比斯卡恰的纹状体似乎更接近人类，而不是像老鼠这样的实验室传统模型。