Rhinovirus is a common picornavirus with over 150 serotypes and three species, which is responsible for half of the human common cold cases. In people with chronic respiratory conditions and elders, it may also cause life-threatening diseases. Transmission routes are not definitively established but may involve direct human-to-human and indirect transmission (surfaces and aerosols based). In the present study, year-long presence of virus was tested by qPCR in the nostrils of young healthy volunteers and indoor and outdoor air samples. Results were correlated to atmospheric conditions (meteorological and air quality parameters) and voluntaries immune system-related genetic polymorphisms (TOLLIP rs5743899, IL6 rs1800795, IL1B rs16944, TNFA rs1800629) typed by PCR–RFLP. Nasal samples showed increased frequency and viral titers of Rhinovirus in spring and autumn. No indoor air samples tested positive for Rhinovirus, whereas outdoor air samples tested positive in late autumn. Sun radiation, atmospheric SO₂, and benzene levels correlated with nostrils Rhinovirus detection. Both IL6 and TOLLIP polymorphisms but not TNFA or IL1B influenced Rhinovirus detection in the nostrils of voluntaries. Taken together, the results indicate that Rhinovirus circulation is determined by environmental conditions (weather, air-borne virus, and air pollution) and genetically encoded individual variation in immunity.

中文翻译：

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长期的鼻病毒感染受大气条件，室外空气中病毒的存在以及与免疫系统相关的遗传多态性的影响。

鼻病毒是一种普通的小核糖核酸病毒，具有超过150种血清型和3种，占人类普通感冒病例的一半。在患有慢性呼吸道疾病和长者的人中，它也可能导致威胁生命的疾病。传播途径尚未确定，但可能涉及人与人之间的直接传播和间接传播（基于表面和气溶胶）。在本研究中，通过qPCR在年轻健康志愿者的鼻孔以及室内和室外空气样本中检测了长达一年的病毒存在。结果与PCR-RFLP分型的大气条件（气象和空气质量参数）和与免疫系统相关的自愿遗传多态性（TOLLIP rs5743899，IL6 rs1800795，IL1B rs16944，TNFA rs1800629）相关。鼻样品在春季和秋季显示出增加的鼻病毒频率和病毒滴度。没有室内空气样本检测出鼻病毒阳性，而室外空气样本在深秋检测出阳性。太阳辐射，大气SO₂和苯水平与鼻孔鼻病毒检测相关。IL6和TOLLIP多态性都没有影响TNFα或IL1B的鼻孔中鼻病毒的检测。两者合计，结果表明鼻病毒的传播是由环境条件（天气，空气传播的病毒和空气污染）和免疫力的遗传编码个体变异决定的。