BACKGROUND Regenerative medicine is a growing branch of medicine aimed to treat damaged or lost tissues, to promote tissue formation and to restore both aesthetics and function. In the last years, several scientific articles have been focused on the regenerative procedures aimed to increase the survival rate of compromised teeth; the most effective approaches have been based on molecularbased and on cellular-based protocols; however, to date, both these techniques have not been carefully analysed and discussed, to know in details the advantages of each of them. METHODS A literature search was undertaken on three electronic scientific databases: Medline via PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar. Authors aimed to select such articles published in the time span from January 1961 until December 2017. The authors screened the titles and the abstracts including the following keywords combinations: "Pulp AND Therapy", "Regenerative AND Endodontic", and "Endodontics AND Tissue engineering". After the exclusion of any not related articles, the full text of such papers related to the topics was included in this review. RESULTS Following the removal of duplicate articles and of other types of publications (such as erratum and corrigendum), 621 articles were selected to be included and analysed in our topical review. The articles were analysed into the following sections: cellular-based approaches for dental regeneration, molecular-based and combined cellular/molecular-based approaches for dental regeneration, and translational applications of regenerative dentistry. CONCLUSION This topical review has been focused on the main, the most promising and the most innovative strategies for achieving the regeneration of dental pulp or dental tissues. The main and surprising "take-home message" is related to the great interest towards the dental-derived stem cells, characterized by a high angiogenic and neurogenic commitment. Future challenges will be focused on the development of biological-friendly regenerative strategies: the new approaches should overcome the current biological limitations, to promote the combined cellular and molecular-based treatments, able to ensure predictable clinical evidence, with the achievement of the regeneration/repairing of the compromised dental pulp and of the entire tooth structure.

中文翻译：

---

再生牙科中基于干细胞和分子的方法：主题综述。

背景技术再生医学是旨在治疗受损或丢失的组织，促进组织形成并恢复美学和功能的医学的增长分支。近年来，有几篇科学文章集中在旨在提高受损牙齿存活率的再生程序上。最有效的方法是基于分子方法和基于细胞的方法；但是，到目前为止，尚未仔细分析和讨论这两种技术，以详细了解它们的优点。方法在三个电子科学数据库上进行文献检索：通过PubMed，EMBASE和Google Scholar进行的Medline。作者的目的是选择1961年1月至2017年12月期间发表的此类文章。作者筛选了标题和摘要，包括以下关键词组合：“纸浆与疗法”，“再生与牙髓”和“牙髓与组织工程”。在排除任何不相关的文章之后，与主题相关的此类论文的全文已包含在本评论中。结果在删除重复的文章和其他类型的出版物（例如勘误和勘误）之后，选择了621篇文章纳入我们的主题综述并进行了分析。这些文章分为以下几部分：基于细胞的牙齿再生方法，基于分子的细胞/分子结合方法以及基于牙齿的分子/分子结合方法以及再生牙科的翻译应用。结论本专题综述的重点是实现牙髓或牙组织再生的主要，最有希望和最具创新性的策略。主要且令人惊讶的“带回家消息”与对牙科衍生干细胞的极大兴趣有关，其特征是具有高度的血管生成和神经生成作用。未来的挑战将集中在生物友好型再生策略的开发上：新方法应克服当前的生物学局限性，促进基于细胞和分子的联合治疗，能够确保可预测的临床证据，并实现再生/修复受损的牙髓和整个牙齿结构。实现牙髓或牙组织再生的最有希望和最创新的策略。主要且令人惊讶的“带回家消息”与对牙科衍生干细胞的极大兴趣有关，其特征是具有高度的血管生成和神经生成作用。未来的挑战将集中在生物友好型再生策略的开发上：新方法应克服当前的生物学局限性，促进基于细胞和分子的联合治疗，能够确保可预测的临床证据，并实现再生/修复受损的牙髓和整个牙齿结构。实现牙髓或牙组织再生的最有希望和最创新的策略。主要且令人惊讶的“带回家消息”与对牙科衍生干细胞的极大兴趣有关，其特征是具有高度的血管生成和神经生成作用。未来的挑战将集中在生物友好型再生策略的开发上：新方法应克服当前的生物学局限性，促进基于细胞和分子的联合治疗，能够确保可预测的临床证据，并实现再生/修复受损的牙髓和整个牙齿结构。与对牙科衍生干细胞的极大兴趣有关，其特征是具有高的血管生成和神经生成作用。未来的挑战将集中在生物友好型再生策略的开发上：新方法应克服当前的生物学局限性，促进基于细胞和分子的联合治疗，能够确保可预测的临床证据，并实现再生/修复受损的牙髓和整个牙齿结构。与对牙科衍生干细胞的极大兴趣有关，其特征是具有高的血管生成和神经生成作用。未来的挑战将集中在生物友好型再生策略的开发上：新方法应克服当前的生物学局限性，促进基于细胞和分子的联合治疗，能够确保可预测的临床证据，并实现再生/修复受损的牙髓和整个牙齿结构。