Some invasion biologists contend their science has reached a consensus on 4 facts: cost estimates of the effects of nonindigenous species provided in papers by Pimentel et al. are credible; invasive species generally, not just predators, pose significant extinction threats; characteristic biological differences distinguish novel from native species, ecosystems, communities, and processes; and ontological dualism, which distinguishes between natural and anthropogenic processes and influences, plays a useful role in biological inquiry. I contend there is no convincing empirical evidence for any of these propositions. Leading invasion biologists cite their agreement about these propositions as evidence for them and impugn the motives of critics who believe consensus should be based on evidence not the other way around. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

---

入侵生物学的事实和价值

一些入侵生物学家认为，他们的科学已经就 4 个事实达成了共识：皮门特尔等人在论文中提供的非本土物种影响的成本估计。是可信的；入侵物种，而不仅仅是掠食者，通常会造成重大的灭绝威胁；特有的生物学差异将新物种与本地物种、生态系统、群落和过程区分开来；区分自然和人为过程和影响的本体论二元论在生物学研究中发挥着有用的作用。我认为，这些命题中的任何一个都没有令人信服的经验证据。领先的入侵生物学家引用他们对这些命题的一致意见作为他们的证据，并抨击那些认为共识应该基于证据而不是相反的批评者的动机。本文受版权保护。版权所有。