Linoleic acid (18 : 2, n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18 : 3, n-3) are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are essential for mammalian health, development and growth. However, the majority of mammals, including humans, are incapable of synthesizing n-6 and n-3 PUFAs. Mammals must obtain n-6 and n-3 PUFAs from their diet. Fatty acid desaturase (Fad) plays a critical role in plant PUFA biosynthesis. Therefore, we generated plant-derived Fad3 single and Fad2-Fad3 double transgenic mice. Compared with wild-type mice, we found that PUFA levels were greatly increased in the single and double transgenic mice by measuring PUFA levels. Moreover, the concentration of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs in the Fad2-Fad3 double transgenic mice were greater than in the Fad3 single transgenic mice. These results demonstrate that the plant-derived Fad2 and Fad3 genes can be expressed in mammals. To clarify the mechanism for Fad2 and Fad3 genes in transgenic mice, we measured the PUFAs synthesis-related genes. Compared with wild-type mice, these Fad transgenic mice have their own n-3 and n-6 PUFAs biosynthetic pathways. Thus, we have established a simple and efficient method for in vivo synthesis of PUFAs.

中文翻译：

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产生n-6和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的Fad2和Fad3转基因小鼠的产生。

亚油酸（18：2，n-6）和α-亚麻酸（18：3，n-3）是多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA），对哺乳动物的健康，发育和生长至关重要。但是，包括人类在内的大多数哺乳动物都无法合成n-6和n-3 PUFA。哺乳动物必须从饮食中获取n-6和n-3 PUFA。脂肪酸去饱和酶（Fad）在植物PUFA生物合成中起关键作用。因此，我们生成了植物来源的Fad3单和Fad2-Fad3双转基因小鼠。与野生型小鼠相比，我们发现通过测量PUFA水平，单和双转基因小鼠的PUFA水平大大提高。此外，Fad2-Fad3双转基因小鼠中n-6和n-3 PUFA的浓度高于Fad3单转基因小鼠。这些结果证明植物来源的Fad2和Fad3基因可以在哺乳动物中表达。为了阐明转基因小鼠中Fad2和Fad3基因的机制，我们测量了PUFAs合成相关基因。与野生型小鼠相比，这些Fad转基因小鼠具有自己的n-3和n-6 PUFAs生物合成途径。因此，我们建立了一种简单有效的体内PUFA合成方法。