Invariant and semi-invariant T cells are emerging as important regulators of host environment interactions at barrier tissues such as the airway and skin. In contrast to conventional T cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells express T cell receptors of very limited diversity. iNKT and MAIT cells recognise antigens presented by the MHC class 1-like monomorphic molecules CD1d and MR1, respectively. Both iNKT cells and MAIT cells have been identified in the skin and airways and can rapidly produce cytokines after activation. Numerous studies have implicated iNKT cells in the pathology of both skin and airway disease, but conflicting evidence in human disease means that more studies are necessary to resolve the exact roles of iNKT in inflammation. The functions of MAIT cells in skin and lung inflammation are even less well defined. We herein describe the current literature on iNKT and MAIT cells in allergic and non-allergic skin diseases (dermatitis and psoriasis) and airway diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis).

中文翻译：

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不变T细胞在皮肤和气道炎症中的作用。

不变和半不变的T细胞正在成为屏障环境（如气道和皮肤）宿主环境相互作用的重要调节剂。与传统的T细胞相反，不变的自然杀伤T（iNKT）细胞和粘膜相关的不变T（MAIT）细胞表达的T细胞受体的多样性非常有限。iNKT和MAIT细胞分别识别由MHC类1类单态分子CD1d和MR1呈递的抗原。在皮肤和气道中均已鉴定出iNKT细胞和MAIT细胞，它们在激活后可以迅速产生细胞因子。许多研究已经将iNKT细胞与皮肤和气道疾病的病理学联系在一起，但是人类疾病中相互矛盾的证据意味着需要更多的研究来解决iNKT在炎症中的确切作用。MAIT细胞在皮肤和肺部炎症中的功能甚至还不清楚。我们在此描述有关过敏性和非过敏性皮肤病（皮炎和牛皮癣）和气道疾病（哮喘，慢性阻塞性肺病，鼻炎和慢性鼻-鼻窦炎）中的iNKT和MAIT细胞的当前文献。