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The Effect of Collective Transitions on the Organization and Contents of Autobiographical Memory: A Transition Theory Perspective.
American Journal of Psychology ( IF 1.059 ) Pub Date : 2016-09-01 , DOI: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.129.3.0259
Norman R. Brown 1 , Oliver Schweickart 1 , Connie Svob 1
Affiliation  

In this article, we tirst outline a minimalist approach to the organization ot autobiographical memory called transition theory. This theory assumes that the content and organization of autobiographical memory mirror the structure of experience and reflect the operation of basic memory processes. Thus, this approach rests on an analysis of the environment that emphasizes repetition, co-occurrence, change, and distinctiveness. We then report a study that tested a set of predictions derived from transition theory. The predictions concerned both the temporal distribution of memorable personal events and the use of public events and historical periods to date those events. To test these predictions, we collected word-cued memories, event-dating protocols, and historical relatedness ratings from 2 groups of Bosnians; on average, people in the younger group were in their early 40s at the outset of the Siege of Sarajevo (1992); those in the older group were in their mid-50s when they experienced this collective transition. As predicted, participants in both groups produced a robust living-in-history effect, often (-25%) referring to the civil war or the Siege of Sarajevo when dating event memories. They also displayed an upheaval bump, recalling more events from the war years than from prewar and postwar years, and a reminiscence bump, recalling more events from late adolescence and early adulthood than from earlier or later periods. Finally, this study demonstrated, for the first time, the existence of a before/after effect. Specifically, participants often mentioned the war when dating historically unrelated events for the prewar and postwar years. We conclude by considering extensions of transition theory and the significance of our findings for existing models of autobiographical memory.

中文翻译:

集体过渡对自传记忆组织和内容的影响:过渡理论的视角。

在本文中,我们试图概述一种针对自传式记忆的组织的极简主义方法,即过渡理论。该理论假设自传式记忆的内容和组织反映了经验的结构并反映了基本记忆过程的操作。因此,该方法基于对环境的分析,该分析强调重复,共现,变化和独特性。然后,我们报告了一项研究,该研究测试了从过渡理论得出的一组预测。这些预测既涉及到令人难忘的个人事件的时间分布,也涉及到公共事件的使用以及这些事件迄今的历史时期。为了检验这些预测,我们从2组波斯尼亚人中收集了单词提示记忆,事件约会协议和历史相关性等级;一般,萨拉热窝围困(1992年)刚开始时,年龄较小的人群才40多岁。年龄较大的人群在经历了这一集体过渡时才50多岁。如预期的那样,两组参与者都产生了强大的历史生存效应,经常(-25%)提到内战或约会事件记忆时对萨拉热窝的围困。他们还表现出动荡的颠簸,比起战前和战后,回想起战争年代更多的事件,回想起颠簸,回想到青春期晚期和成年初期的事件比早晚的事件多。最后,这项研究首次证明了前/后效应的存在。特别是,参与者在对战前和战后年代的历史无关事件进行约会时经常提到战争。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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