The face inversion effect (FIE) is a reduction in recognition performance for inverted faces compared with upright faces. Several studies have proposed that a type of configural information, called second-order relational information, becomes more important with increasing expertise and gives rise to the FIE. However, recently it has been demonstrated that it is possible to obtain an FIE with facial features presented in isolation, showing that configural information is not necessary for this effect to occur. In this article we test whether there is a role for configural information in producing the FIE and whether second- or first-order relational information is particularly important. In Experiment 1, we investigated the role of configural information and local feature orientation by using a new type of "Thatcherizing" transformation on our set of faces, aiming to disrupt second-order and local feature orientation information but keeping all first-order properties unaltered. The results showed a significant reduction in the FIE for these "new" Thatcherized faces, but it did not entirely disappear. Experiment 2 confirmed the FIE for new Thatcherized faces, and Experiment 3 establishes that both local feature orientation and first-order relational information have a role in determining the FIE.

中文翻译：

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人脸反转效应：一阶和二阶配置信息的作用。

与直立人脸相比，人脸反转效果（FIE）降低了人脸识别能力。一些研究提出，一种称为二阶关系信息的配置信息，随着专业知识的增加而变得越来越重要，并产生了FIE。然而，最近已经证明可以获得具有孤立呈现的面部特征的FIE，这表明配置信息对于该效果的发生不是必需的。在本文中，我们测试配置信息在生成FIE中是否有作用以及二阶或一阶关系信息是否特别重要。在实验1中，我们使用一种新型的“撒切尔”调查了配​​置信息和局部特征定位的作用 对我们的一组面孔进行变换，旨在破坏二阶和局部特征定向信息，但保持所有一阶属性不变。结果表明，这些“新”撒种脸的FIE显着降低，但并没有完全消失。实验2确认了新的撒切尔化脸部的FIE，实验3确定了局部特征方向和一阶关系信息在确定FIE中均起作用。