Pseudomonads are a diverse and ecologically successful group of γ‐proteobacteria present in many environments (terrestrial, freshwater and marine), either free living or associated with plants or animals. Their success is at least partly based on their ability to grow over a wide range of temperatures, their capacity to withstand different kinds of stress and their great metabolic versatility. Although the optimal growth temperature of pseudomonads is usually close to 25–30°C, many strains can also grow between 5°C and 10°C, and some of them even close to 0°C. Such low temperatures strongly affect the physicochemical properties of macromolecules, forcing cells to evolve traits that optimize growth and help them withstand cold‐induced stresses such as increased levels of reactive oxygen species, reduced membrane fluidity and enzyme activity, cold‐induced protein denaturation and the greater stability of DNA and RNA secondary structures. This review gathers the information available on the strategies used by pseudomonads to adapt to low temperature growth, and briefly describes some of the biotechnological applications that might benefit from cold‐adapted bacterial strains and enzymes, e.g., biotransformation or bioremediation processes to be performed at low temperatures.

中文翻译：

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伪单核细胞在低温下生长的特征：多功能性的另一个方面。

假单胞菌是存在于多种环境中（陆地，淡水和海洋）的γ-蛋白细菌的一种多样且在生态学上成功的群体，这些环境可以自由生活或与动植物结合。它们的成功至少部分取决于其在宽温度范围内的生长能力，承受不同压力的能力以及强大的代谢功能。尽管假单胞菌的最佳生长温度通常接近25–30°C，但许多菌株也可以在5°C至10°C之间生长，其中有些甚至接近0°C。如此低的温度会强烈影响大分子的理化性质，迫使细胞进化出可优化生长并帮助其抵御冷诱导的胁迫的特性，例如增加的活性氧水平，降低的膜流动性和酶活性，冷诱导的蛋白质变性以及DNA和RNA二级结构的更大稳定性。这篇综述收集了有关假单胞菌适应低温生长的策略的可用信息，并简要介绍了一些可能从低温适应的细菌菌株和酶中受益的生物技术应用，例如在低温下进行的生物转化或生物修复过程。温度。