Mental health is becoming a public health priority worldwide. Anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorders are 2 important types of childhood disorders with a bad prognosis. They share cognitive impairments and, in both cases, the microbiota appears to be a crucial factor. Alteration of the microbiota-gut-brain axis is an appealing hypothesis to define new pathophysiological mechanisms. Mucosal immunity plays a key role between the microbiota and the brain. The mucosal immune system receives and integrates messages from the intestinal microenvironment and the microbiota and then transmits the information to the nervous system. Abnormalities in this sensorial system may be involved in the natural history of mental diseases and might play a role in their maintenance. This review aims to highlight data about the relationship between intestinal mucosal immunity and these disorders. We show that shared cognitive impairments could be found in these 2 disorders, which both present dysbiosis. This literature review provides details on the immune status of anorexic and autistic patients, with a focus on intestinal mucosal factors. Finally, we suggest future research hypotheses that seem important for understanding the implication of the gut-brain-axis in psychiatric diseases.

中文翻译：

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神经性厌食症和自闭症谱系障碍：与粘膜免疫相关的未来希望。

精神卫生正在成为全球公共卫生的重点。神经性厌食症和自闭症谱系障碍是儿童疾病的两种重要类型，预后不良。他们共享认知障碍，在两种情况下，微生物群似乎都是关键因素。微生物菌群-肠脑轴的改变是定义新的病理生理机制的一个有吸引力的假设。粘膜免疫在微生物群和大脑之间起着关键作用。粘膜免疫系统接收并整合来自肠道微环境和微生物群的信息，然后将信息传递到神经系统。这种感觉系统的异常可能与精神疾病的自然病史有关，并可能在其维持过程中发挥作用。这篇综述旨在强调有关肠粘膜免疫与这些疾病之间关系的数据。我们表明，在这两种目前都存在营养不良的疾病中可以发现共有的认知障碍。这篇文献综述提供了关于厌食症和自闭症患者免疫状态的详细信息，重点是肠粘膜因子。最后，我们提出了未来的研究假设，这些假设对于理解精神疾病中肠脑轴的含义似乎很重要。