Despite remarkable therapeutic advances in the past two decades, the elimination of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from latent reservoirs constitutes a major barrier to eradication and preventing neurological disease associated with HIV/AIDS. Invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by HIV-1 occurs early in infection, leading to viral infection and productive persistence in brain macrophage-like cells (BMCs) including resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages. HIV-1 persistence in the brain and chronic neuroinflammation occur despite effective treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART). This review examines the evidence from clinical studies, in vivo and in vitro models for HIV-1 CNS persistence, as well as therapeutic considerations in targeting latent CNS reservoirs.

尽管在过去的二十年中取得了令人瞩目的治疗进展，但从潜伏的水库中消除了人类1型免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）仍然是根除和预防与HIV / AIDS相关的神经系统疾病的主要障碍。HIV-1入侵中枢神经系统（CNS）发生在感染的早期，导致病毒感染和脑巨噬细胞样细胞（BMC）（包括驻留的小胶质细胞和浸润性巨噬细胞）的持续生产。尽管使用抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）进行了有效治疗，但仍会在大脑中产生HIV-1持久性和慢性神经炎症。这篇评论检查了来自体内和体外临床研究的证据 HIV-1中枢神经系统持久性模型以及针对潜在中枢神经系统水库的治疗考虑。