ABSTRACT Gestures might serve communicative functions by supplementing spoken expressions or restorative functions by facilitating speech production. Also, speakers with speech deficits use gestures to compensate for their speech impairments. In this study, we examined gesture use in speakers with and without speech impairments and how spoken spatial expressions changed when gestures were restrained. Six patients with speech problems and with left frontal and/or temporal lesions and 20 neurotypical controls described motion events in 3 different conditions (spontaneous gesture, only speech, and only gesture). In addition to the group analyses, we ran case analyses. Results showed that patients used more gestures compared to controls. Gestures served both communicative and restorative functions for patients whereas controls only used gestures for communicative purposes. Case analyses revealed that there were differential patterns among patients. Overall, gesture production is multifunctional and gestures serve different functions for different populations as well as within a population.

中文翻译：

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手势对神经典型老年人和局灶性脑损伤个体空间语言的不同作用

摘要 手势可能通过促进语音产生来补充口语表达或恢复功能来提供交际功能。此外，有语言障碍的演讲者使用手势来弥补他们的语言障碍。在这项研究中，我们检查了有和没有语言障碍的说话者的手势使用情况，以及当手势受到限制时口语空间表达的变化。6 名有语言问题和左额和/或颞部病变的患者和 20 名神经典型对照描述了 3 种不同条件下的运动事件（自发手势、仅言语和仅手势）。除了组分析之外，我们还进行了病例分析。结果表明，与对照组相比，患者使用了更多的手势。手势为患者提供交流和恢复功能，而控件仅将手势用于交流目的。病例分析显示患者之间存在差异模式。总的来说，手势制作是多功能的，手势为不同的人群以及人群提供不同的功能。