Recent advances in metagenomics have generated numerous insights related to the cell biology, ecology, evolution, and biogeochemistry of microbial life in the ocean. Notably, advances in single cell genomics (SCG), fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) capture of specific populations and metagenomic assembly are providing valuable information related to within and between lineage genomic content. Improved reference genome databases have assisted biogeographic studies of particular taxa, including in some cases different ecotypes. Several studies targeting picoplankton, associated with various particle size classes, have begun to define contrasting trends in gene family evolution between free-living compared to particle associated microbes. Also viruses and eukaryotic microbes are increasingly considered in metagenomic studies and specific associations between viruses, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic microbes are emerging.

中文翻译：

---

在海洋系统中微观上的谱系特异性基因家族富集。

宏基因组学的最新进展产生了许多与海洋微生物生活的细胞生物学，生态学，进化和生物地球化学有关的见解。值得注意的是，单细胞基因组学（SCG），特定人群的荧光激活细胞分选（FACS）捕获和宏基因组学装配的进步提供了与谱系基因组内容内和之间相关的有价值的信息。改进的参考基因组数据库有助于特定分类群的生物地理研究，包括某些情况下的不同生态类型。多项针对微浮游生物的研究与各种粒径类别相关，已经开始定义与微粒相关微生物相比，自由活动之间基因家族进化的相反趋势。