Stable and diversified agroecosystems provide farmers with important ecosystem services, which are unfortunately being lost at an alarming rate under the current conventional agriculture framework. Nevertheless, this concern can be tackled by using ecological intensification as an alternative strategy to recuperate ecosystem services (e.g., biological control of pests). To this end, the manipulation of agricultural habitats to enhance natural enemy conservation has been widely explored and reported in Western Europe and North America, whereas in other parts of the world, the investigation of such topic is lagging behind (e.g., South America). In this forum, we gathered published and unpublished information on the different ecological habitat management strategies that have been implemented in South America and their effects on pest control. Additionally, we identify the various challenges and analyze the outlook for the science of conservation biological control in South America. More specifically, we reviewed how different agricultural practices and habitat manipulation in South America have influenced pest management through natural enemy conservation. The main habitat manipulations reported include plant diversification (intercropping, insectary plants, agroforestry), conservation and management of non-crop vegetation, and application of artificial foods. Overall, we noticed that there is a significant discrepancy in the amount of research on conservation biological control among South American countries, and we found that, although intercropping, polycultures, and crop rotation have been reported in agroecosystems since pre-Inca times, more systematic studies are required to evaluate the true effects of habitat management to implement conservation biological control for pest control in South America.

中文翻译：

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操纵农业生境以改善南美的保护生物控制。

稳定和多样化的农业生态系统为农民提供了重要的生态系统服务，不幸的是，在当前的常规农业框架下，这些服务正在以惊人的速度流失。然而，可以通过将生态集约化作为恢复生态系统服务（例如，有害生物的生物防治）的替代战略来解决这一问题。为此，在西欧和北美已广泛探索并报道了操纵农业生境以增强自然敌人的保护，而在世界其他地区，对此主题的研究却滞后于（例如，南美）。在这个论坛上，我们收集了有关南美已实施的不同生态栖息地管理策略及其对害虫控制的影响的已发布和未发布信息。此外，我们确定了各种挑战并分析了南美保护性生物防治科学的前景。更具体地说，我们回顾了南美不同的农业实践和栖息地操纵如何通过自然天敌保护影响害虫管理。报告的主要栖息地操纵包括植物多样化（间作，昆虫植物，农林业），非作物植被的保护和管理以及人工食品的应用。总体而言，我们注意到南美国家之间有关保护性生物防治的研究数量存在很大差异，并且我们发现，尽管自印加时代以来，在农业生态系统中就已经报告了间作，混养和轮作，