Environmental pressure affects the genotype throughout different epigenetic processes. There is currently ample evidence on the role of epigenetics in developing various mental disorders. A burden of environmental pressure, such as psychological trauma, and its influence on genotype can lead to a variety of psychopathologies. Thus, this study focuses on the epigenetic activity of the complex protein machinery operating on chromatin – the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes. Although there are several recent studies on the molecular structure, functions, and taxonomy of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, the focus of this paper is to highlight the importance of those ‘protein machines’ in developing psychiatric disorders. Data were obtained from human preclinical and clinical studies. The results of this review indicate an importance of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes in the interaction between environmental factors, including traumatic events, and genetic vulnerability to stress. Several studies indicate that ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes play a crucial role in the development and consolidation of memory, in neurodevelopmental processes, and in etiology depressive-like behavior. Thus, the activity of those ‘protein machines’ emerges as a key factor in the pathophysiology of various psychiatric diseases. It can also be concluded that the limitations of clinical studies may be explained by inappropriate laboratory methods and research paradigms due to the delayed timeframe of biochemical responses to environmental stimuli. Future research in this field may enable a better understanding of the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases and contribute to the development of novel molecular treatment targets.

中文翻译：

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表观遗传机制、创伤和精神病理学：靶向染色质重塑复合物

环境压力在不同的表观遗传过程中影响基因型。目前有充分的证据表明表观遗传学在发展各种精神障碍中的作用。环境压力的负担，例如心理创伤，及其对基因型的影响，会导致多种精神疾病。因此，本研究的重点是在染色质上运行的复杂蛋白质机器的表观遗传活性 - ATP 依赖性染色质重塑复合物。尽管最近有几项关于 ATP 依赖性染色质重塑复合物的分子结构、功能和分类的研究，但本文的重点是强调这些“蛋白质机器”在发展精神疾病中的重要性。数据来自人类临床前和临床研究。本综述的结果表明 ATP 依赖性染色质重塑复合物在环境因素（包括创伤事件和遗传对压力的易感性）之间相互作用的重要性。几项研究表明，ATP 依赖性染色质重塑复合物在记忆的发展和巩固、神经发育过程和病因抑郁样行为中起着至关重要的作用。因此，这些“蛋白质机器”的活动成为各种精神疾病病理生理学的关键因素。还可以得出结论，临床研究的局限性可能是由于对环境刺激的生化反应时间延迟导致的不适当的实验室方法和研究范式。