Salvinorin A is a neoclerodane diterpene that has been shown to be an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Its unique structure makes it an attractive target for synthetic organic chemists due to its seven chiral centers and diterpene scaffold. This molecule is also interesting to pharmacologists because it is a non-serotonergic hallucinogen, and the first opioid ligand discovered that lacks a basic nitrogen. There have been several total synthesis approaches to salvinorin A, and these will be detailed within this chapter. Additionally, research efforts have concentrated on structure modification of the salvinorin A scaffold through semi-synthetic methods. Most modifications have focused on the manipulation of the acetate at C-2 and the furan ring. However, chemistry has also been developed to generate analogs at the C-1 ketone, the C-4 methyl ester, and the C-17 lactone. The synthetic methodologies developed for the salvinorin A scaffold will be described, as well as specific analogs with interesting biological activities.

中文翻译：

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新环戊烷二萜的合成及其药理作用。

Salvinorin A是新环戊烷二萜，已被证明是κ阿片受体的激动剂。由于其七个手性中心和二萜骨架，其独特的结构使其成为合成有机化学家的有吸引力的目标。该分子对于药理学家来说也很有趣，因为它是一种非5-羟色胺的致幻剂，并且发现了第一个阿片配体缺乏碱性氮。萨尔维诺林A有几种总的合成方法，这些将在本章中详细介绍。此外，研究工作集中在通过半合成方法对萨尔维诺林A支架进行结构修饰。大多数修饰集中于在C-2和呋喃环上乙酸盐的操作。但是，化学方法也已经开发出来，可以在C-1酮，C-4甲酯，和C-17内酯 将描述为Salvinorin A支架开发的合成方法，以及具有有趣生物活性的特定类似物。